[English 101] WEATHER TALK - Common phrases to talk about weather changes

Teaching Material

1. The forecast says it will rain tomorrow afternoon.
• forecast (noun) - A prediction about the weather conditions
• Use 'forecast' when discussing weather predictions from a source like TV, radio, or a weather app. It’s commonly used in daily conversations to plan activities.
• A: Did you check today’s forecast? B: Yes, it's supposed to be sunny later.
• outlook - ‘Outlook’ is used more broadly when talking about general or longer-term weather expectations.
2. There was a light drizzle in the morning, but it cleared up by noon.
• drizzle (noun) - Light rain falling in very fine drops
• Use ‘drizzle’ when it's raining lightly or intermittently. It's helpful to describe mild or less intense rain conditions in everyday speech.
• A: I might take an umbrella; there's a chance of drizzle. B: Good call. You never know when it might pick up.
• sprinkle - ‘Sprinkle’ can be used informally to describe very light, scattered raindrops.
3. The air felt very humid after the morning rain.
• humid (adjective) - Having a high amount of water vapor in the air
• Use ‘humid’ to describe muggy weather that makes you feel sticky or sweaty. It’s common in tropical or summer climates.
• A: It’s too humid outside. B: Yeah, I’m sweating just by walking a block.
• muggy - ‘Muggy’ conveys a similar sense of heat and moisture but is slightly more informal.
4. The sky was completely overcast, making the morning feel a bit gloomy.
• overcast (adjective) - Cloudy skies, with little or no direct sunlight
• Use ‘overcast’ to describe sky conditions dominated by clouds, with few breaks of sunshine. It’s a common term in weather reports.
• A: Do you think we’ll see the sun today? B: Probably not, it’s pretty overcast.
• cloudy - ‘Cloudy’ is a simpler term that indicates a sky filled with clouds but doesn’t always imply total coverage.
5. The temperature dropped suddenly overnight.
• temperature (noun) - Degree of hotness or coldness measured on a standard scale
• Use ‘temperature’ in everyday conversation to talk about how hot or cold it is. Often used with degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
• A: What's the temperature right now? B: It's around 15°C, so bring a jacket.
6. It's chilly outside, so you might want to wear a light coat.
• chilly (adjective) - Noticeably cold, causing a slight shiver
• Use ‘chilly’ to describe mildly cold weather. It suggests the need for slightly warmer clothing, often in early morning or late evening.
• A: It's getting chilly. B: Should we grab a warm drink?
• cool - ‘Cool’ is a more general term than ‘chilly,’ indicating comfortably cold weather without strong discomfort.
7. The city issued a warning due to the upcoming heatwave.
• heatwave (noun) - A prolonged period of excessively hot weather
• Use ‘heatwave’ to describe unusually high temperatures over a period of days or weeks. It is significant enough to disrupt daily activities.
• A: How are you handling this heatwave? B: I'm staying inside with the air conditioning on.
8. Though the thermometer reads 5°C, the windchill makes it feel like -2°C.
• windchill (noun) - The cooling effect of wind making the air feel colder than the actual temperature
• Use ‘windchill’ when you want to emphasize how the wind makes the temperature feel colder on exposed skin.
• A: It’s 10°C, but it feels colder. B: Yes, the windchill is strong today.
9. It's been a gusty afternoon with winds rattling the windows.
• gusty (adjective) - Characterized by sudden, strong bursts of wind
• Use ‘gusty’ to describe intermittent bursts of strong wind that can disrupt outdoor activities or make driving difficult.
• A: I almost lost my hat in that gusty wind. B: You should hold on tight next time!
• blustery - ‘Blustery’ often implies cold, fierce winds, making it suitable for late autumn or winter conditions.
10. A loud thunderstorm woke me up in the middle of the night.
• thunderstorm (noun) - A storm with thunder, lightning, and usually heavy rain
• Use ‘thunderstorm’ when describing severe weather that includes thunder and lightning, usually accompanied by rain or hail.
• A: There’s a thunderstorm warning tonight. B: I'll unplug my electronics just to be safe.
11. The lightning lit up the entire sky last night.
• lightning (noun) - A bright flash of electricity produced by a thunderstorm
• Use ‘lightning’ to describe the sudden flashes of electricity in the sky during a storm. Mention it when discussing safety, visibility, or awe of the weather.
• A: Did you see that lightning strike? B: Yeah, it was really close!
12. We had a rare hail storm in the middle of summer.
• hail (noun) - Small, hard balls of ice that fall like rain
• Use ‘hail’ to refer to ice pellets falling from the sky. Commonly used when warning others about potential damage to cars or crops.
• A: It suddenly started hailing! B: Let's park the car under a shelter to avoid damage.
13. The forecast calls for sleet, so the roads may be slippery.
• sleet (noun) - A mixture of rain and snow or a type of icy rain
• Use ‘sleet’ when describing precipitation that falls as ice pellets, often making driving or walking conditions hazardous.
• A: It's neither pure snow nor rain. B: It must be sleet. Drive carefully!
14. The temperature is freezing; I need to bundle up.
• freezing (adjective) - Extremely cold; at or below 0°C/32°F
• Use ‘freezing’ to emphasize very cold weather. It implies a temperature at or below water’s freezing point, so it’s best for icy conditions.
• A: It's freezing out there! B: Definitely, wear a thick scarf and gloves.
• frigid - ‘Frigid’ suggests a harsh, bitter cold that can be quite uncomfortable, often used for severe winter conditions.
15. There was frost on my car windshield this morning.
• frost (noun) - A thin layer of ice crystals that form on surfaces when temperatures drop below freezing
• Use ‘frost’ to describe the thin ice coating on surfaces after a very cold night. Often relevant for early morning winter tasks.
• A: I need to scrape the frost off my windshield. B: Start your car early to melt it faster.
16. It was a misty morning, with low visibility in the countryside.
• misty (adjective) - A light fog or a thin haze of moisture in the air
• Use ‘misty’ to describe conditions with a thin, light fog that reduces visibility slightly but not as dense as foggy weather.
• A: The road seems misty ahead. B: Let's slow down to stay safe.
• hazy - ‘Hazy’ can refer to reduced clarity due to mist, smog, or dust, creating a blurry atmospheric effect.
17. It was so foggy that we could barely see the next streetlight.
• foggy (adjective) - Filled with or characterized by thick fog
• Use ‘foggy’ when describing weather with thick, low-lying clouds that significantly limit visibility. Common in coastal or early morning areas.
• A: It’s extremely foggy; should we postpone the trip? B: Yes, I’d rather wait until visibility improves.
18. Tomorrow looks like clear skies, perfect for a picnic.
• clear skies (phrase) - Sky conditions with no or very few clouds
• Use ‘clear skies’ to describe ideal sunny weather without clouds. Good phrase for discussing outdoor plans or events.
• A: I hope we have clear skies for the fireworks tonight. B: The weather app says it should be fine!
• sunny - ‘Sunny’ is a shorter, more straightforward term for a bright, cloudless day.
19. High humidity can make summer days feel hotter than they are.
• humidity (noun) - The amount of water vapor in the air
• Use ‘humidity’ when you want to talk about the moisture level in the air. It’s important in discussions about comfort and sweatiness.
• A: Why does it feel so sticky? B: The humidity is off the charts.
20. It's really muggy today, making it hard to breathe.
• muggy (adjective) - Unpleasantly warm and humid
• Use ‘muggy’ for hot and sticky weather conditions that feel heavy or oppressive, commonly in tropical or rainy seasons.
• A: This muggy weather is draining my energy. B: Let’s stay indoors with the fan on.
21. Check the UV index before going to the beach to know how strong the sun is.
• UV index (noun phrase) - A measure of the intensity of ultraviolet radiation from the sun
• Use ‘UV index’ when discussing sun safety or planning outdoor activities. It’s a scale used worldwide to gauge risks of sunburn.
• A: The UV index is high today. B: We should apply extra sunscreen and wear sunglasses.
22. The barometer dropped suddenly, signaling bad weather.
• barometer (noun) - An instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used especially in forecasting
• Use ‘barometer’ in conversations about more detailed or traditional weather forecasting. Not as common daily, but useful in in-depth weather discussions.
• A: My dad checks the barometer daily. B: Does he predict storms that way?
23. A low-pressure system is moving in, likely bringing clouds and rain.
• pressure system (noun phrase) - Areas of high or low atmospheric pressure influencing weather patterns
• Use ‘pressure system’ to discuss broader weather trends and patterns. Commonly heard in detailed forecasts or scientific weather talk.
• A: Why has it been rainy all week? B: A persistent low-pressure system has been hovering over our region.
24. A cold front will arrive tonight, dropping temperatures significantly.
• cold front (noun phrase) - The boundary of a cold air mass pushing into a warmer area
• Use ‘cold front’ when explaining drastic drops in temperature or significant weather changes, especially from mild to cold conditions.
• A: Why is it suddenly so chilly? B: A cold front came through last night.
• warm front - Use ‘warm front’ for the opposite effect, where temperatures rise as warm air replaces colder air.
25. The region has been suffering from a severe drought for months.
• drought (noun) - A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall leading to a shortage of water
• Use ‘drought’ to describe long-term dry conditions affecting water supply, agriculture, or daily life. Often in climate-related conversations.
• A: Why are there water restrictions? B: Because of the ongoing drought and low reservoir levels.
26. Heavy rainfall overnight caused a flood in the lower parts of the town.
• flood (noun) - An overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry
• Use ‘flood’ to describe large amounts of water covering areas unexpectedly, often from heavy rain or overflowing rivers.
• A: The streets are flooded! B: Let’s stay indoors and wait for it to recede.
27. During the monsoon, the city experiences daily downpours.
• monsoon (noun) - A seasonal prevailing wind bringing heavy rains, typically in Asia
• Use ‘monsoon’ when talking about seasonal heavy rainfall, especially in tropical regions. Often involves large-scale wind shifts.
• A: How long does the monsoon season last here? B: About three months, with intense rain almost every day.
28. A category 4 hurricane is expected to make landfall by Friday.
• hurricane (noun) - A large, powerful storm with strong winds and heavy rain, formed over warm ocean waters
• Use ‘hurricane’ in discussions about tropical storms that form in the Atlantic or eastern Pacific. Focuses on severe, potentially damaging weather.
• A: Are you prepared for the hurricane? B: We boarded up the windows and stocked supplies.
• typhoon - ‘Typhoon’ is the term used in the northwestern Pacific for similar large tropical storms, especially in Asia.
• cyclone - Use ‘cyclone’ in the Indian Ocean and southern hemisphere; it’s the generic term for a rotating storm system.
29. A tornado touched down in the outskirts of the city.
• tornado (noun) - A violent rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground
• Use ‘tornado’ when discussing fast-spinning columns of air that can cause localized but severe damage. Common in certain regions like Tornado Alley in the U.S.
• A: Did you hear about the tornado warning? B: Yes, let's head to the basement for safety.
30. Last winter’s blizzard shut down all roads for two days.
• blizzard (noun) - A severe snowstorm with strong winds and low visibility
• Use ‘blizzard’ for severe winter storms with heavy snow, howling winds, and very low visibility. It implies possible travel disruptions.
• A: The forecast mentions a blizzard tomorrow. B: Let’s stock up on groceries and stay indoors.
31. Driving in a whiteout can be very dangerous, so it's best to pull over safely.
• whiteout (noun) - An extreme condition during a snowstorm where visibility is almost zero
• Use ‘whiteout’ when visibility is nearly nonexistent due to heavy snow or wind. Common term in colder, snowy regions for dangerous travel conditions.
• A: I couldn’t see anything because of the whiteout conditions. B: Let’s wait until it clears up.
32. I always carry a windbreaker in my bag in case the weather changes.
• windbreaker (noun) - A type of jacket designed to resist wind and light rain
• Use ‘windbreaker’ when you need a lightweight jacket to protect from wind and possibly mild rain. Very handy in unpredictable weather.
• A: You might need a windbreaker. B: Good idea; it’s breezy out there.
33. Don't forget your umbrella; it might pour later.
• umbrella (noun) - A handheld canopy to protect from rain or sunlight
• Use ‘umbrella’ for everyday conversations about rain preparedness. It's a must-have item in many climates.
• A: It looks like it's going to rain. B: Let me grab my umbrella before we head out.
• brolly - ‘Brolly’ is a casual, British slang version. Use it in informal settings or when speaking British English.
34. Her bright yellow raincoat was perfect for the stormy weather.
• raincoat (noun) - A waterproof or water-resistant coat worn to protect from rain
• Use ‘raincoat’ to mention waterproof clothing for heavier or extended rainfall. Often paired with boots or an umbrella for full coverage.
• A: Should I bring my raincoat? B: Better safe than sorry, the forecast shows rain.
35. Layering is essential when the weather is unpredictable.
• layering (noun (gerund)) - Wearing multiple layers of clothing to adapt to varying temperatures
• Use ‘layering’ to discuss strategies for dressing in climates where temperatures change throughout the day. Common in spring and fall.
• A: How can I stay warm in the morning but not overheat later? B: Try layering—add or remove items as needed.
36. She felt like she was overheating after jogging in high humidity.
• overheating (verb (gerund/noun form)) - Becoming excessively hot, beyond a comfortable level
• Use ‘overheating’ to describe discomfort from too much heat, either due to high temperatures or overly warm clothing.
• A: I'm overheating in this jacket. B: You can take it off and cool down a bit.
37. Air quality tends to suffer during prolonged heatwaves and stagnant weather.
• air quality (noun phrase) - The measure of pollutants or cleanliness of the air
• Use ‘air quality’ when discussing pollution levels or advisories about outdoor activities, especially in urban areas or during wildfires.
• A: The air quality is bad today. B: Maybe we should avoid outdoor exercise.
38. We’re expecting extreme cold thanks to a polar vortex dipping south.
• polar vortex (noun phrase) - A large area of low pressure and cold air surrounding the Earth’s poles
• Use ‘polar vortex’ when referring to extremely cold Arctic air masses that sometimes move into temperate latitudes, causing bitter cold.
• A: Why is this winter so intense? B: A polar vortex has pushed down colder air.
39. With a heat index of 40°C, it’s more dangerous than the thermometer suggests.
• heat index (noun phrase) - A measure of how hot it feels when relative humidity is factored in with the actual air temperature
• Use ‘heat index’ when discussing how humidity amplifies the sensation of heat. Helpful for understanding real comfort levels.
• A: The heat index is really high today. B: That means it feels hotter than the actual temperature.
40. A wind advisory is in effect from noon to 8 PM.
• wind advisory (noun phrase) - An official notice that strong winds are expected, possibly creating hazardous conditions
• Use ‘wind advisory’ in contexts where official warnings are given about potentially damaging winds. Common in news or emergency alerts.
• A: Did you know there's a wind advisory today? B: I’ll secure the outdoor furniture, then.
41. There's a frost advisory, so farmers are covering their crops.
• frost advisory (noun phrase) - An official notice that weather conditions may lead to frost, potentially damaging plants
• Use ‘frost advisory’ to warn of potential freezing conditions. Often relevant for gardeners or farmers who need to protect plants.
• A: Why are my neighbors covering their gardens? B: There’s a frost advisory tonight.
42. Watch out for ice on the roads tonight.
• watch out (phrasal verb) - Used to warn someone of potential danger or caution related to weather
• Use ‘watch out’ to quickly alert someone about immediate weather hazards or cautionary conditions. Very common in everyday speech.
• A: Watch out, the sidewalk is really icy. B: Thanks for the warning!
43. Remember to stay warm if you go hiking in this cold snap.
• stay warm (phrase) - A phrase used to advise someone to keep themselves adequately warm in cold weather
• Use ‘stay warm’ as a friendly or caring expression when temperatures drop. Often used as a parting phrase in cold seasons.
• A: I’m heading out now. B: It’s freezing—stay warm!
44. Make sure to bundle up before going outside in the snow.
• bundle up (phrasal verb) - Dress in layers of warm clothing to protect against cold
• Use ‘bundle up’ as informal advice to wear extra clothing against chilly or freezing temperatures. Common in casual conversation.
• A: I’m going out to walk the dog. B: It’s pretty cold; bundle up!
45. It should cool down after sunset, making it pleasant outside.
• cool down (phrasal verb) - Decrease in temperature; become cooler
• Use ‘cool down’ when talking about a drop in temperature, either during the day or at night. It can also mean to physically lower your body heat.
• A: Will it be hot tonight? B: It usually cools down after 7 PM.
46. The weather usually warms up by late morning in spring.
• warm up (phrasal verb) - Increase in temperature; become warmer
• Use ‘warm up’ to describe rising temperatures, either for the weather or for feeling less cold. Common in daily forecasts.
• A: It's chilly now. Will it warm up later? B: Yes, around noon it should be much nicer.
47. We were caught in a cloudburst on our way home.
• cloudburst (noun) - A sudden, heavy downpour of rain
• Use ‘cloudburst’ to describe very intense rainfall that’s short-lived but heavy enough to cause immediate effects like flooding.
• A: That was an intense cloudburst. B: My clothes are soaked through!
48. The downpour lasted an hour and flooded the streets.
• downpour (noun) - A heavy, continuous rain
• Use ‘downpour’ for heavy, steady rain that can soak you quickly. Typically used in warnings or describing heavy showers.
• A: I'm stuck outside in this downpour. B: Try to find shelter or use an umbrella.
49. We might see a few showers in the afternoon.
• shower (noun) - A brief period of rain, sometimes light or moderate
• Use ‘shower’ when describing short or intermittent bursts of rain. Common in weather forecasts for brief, sporadic rainfall.
• A: Should we take the car or walk? B: They said there might be showers, so let's drive.
50. The forecast shows scattered showers, but not everyone will get rain.
• scattered showers (phrase) - Light or moderate rain occurring in scattered areas
• Use ‘scattered showers’ when explaining that rain will appear in some places but not consistently across an entire region.
• A: Will it rain everywhere? B: Just scattered showers, so it could miss us entirely.
51. Expect partly cloudy skies with occasional sunshine today.
• partly cloudy (phrase) - Sky conditions that are partially covered by clouds
• Use ‘partly cloudy’ to indicate a mix of cloud cover and sunshine, a very common forecast description for mild days.
• A: Will it be sunny all day? B: It's partly cloudy, so we’ll see patches of sun and cloud.
52. Sunrise is around 6:30 AM this week.
• sunrise (noun) - The time in the morning when the sun first appears above the horizon
• Use ‘sunrise’ in conversations about early morning plans or to describe the start of daylight. It can also be a scenic event to enjoy.
• A: Let’s watch the sunrise at the beach. B: Sounds beautiful; I'll bring coffee.
53. Sunset will be at 8 PM, so let's plan our barbecue accordingly.
• sunset (noun) - The time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon
• Use ‘sunset’ when discussing evening or nighttime plans, capturing scenic views, or marking the end of daylight hours.
• A: Want to stay for the sunset? B: Absolutely! It’s the best time to take photos.
54. It was still dark, but dawn was just around the corner.
• dawn (noun) - The first appearance of light in the sky before sunrise
• Use ‘dawn’ to describe the earliest light of day before sunrise. Ideal in discussions about early travel, morning routines, or scenic views.
• A: Let’s leave at dawn to beat the heat. B: That’s early, but it's a good idea.
55. By dusk, the temperature dropped and a light breeze picked up.
• dusk (noun) - The period of partial darkness between day and night
• Use ‘dusk’ to refer to the gradual transition from day to night. Commonly used in evening planning or describing ambient light.
• A: Let’s have a walk at dusk. B: That sounds relaxing; the sun won’t be harsh then.
56. The smog was particularly thick, causing breathing difficulties in the city center.
• smog (noun) - Fog or haze combined with smoke or other pollutants
• Use ‘smog’ when discussing polluted urban conditions, especially due to traffic or industrial emissions. Often affects visibility and health.
• A: The smog is so bad; I can barely see the skyline. B: We might need to wear masks outdoors today.
57. Air pollution levels rise in big cities during peak traffic hours.
• air pollution (noun phrase) - The presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere
• Use ‘air pollution’ to discuss environmental concerns or health hazards related to contaminated air. Common in large, industrialized cities.
• A: Why is it so hazy in the afternoon? B: Air pollution tends to spike when cars are on the road.
58. Sunscreen and sunglasses provide essential UV protection on a sunny day.
• UV protection (noun phrase) - Methods or products that shield skin from ultraviolet rays
• Use ‘UV protection’ to stress the importance of guarding against harmful sun rays. Relevant for health and skincare discussions.
• A: The sun is intense. B: Use some UV protection to avoid sunburn.
59. A beautiful rainbow appeared after the rain stopped.
• rainbow (noun) - An arc of colors formed by the refraction and reflection of the sun's light by rain or water droplets
• Use ‘rainbow’ for describing the colorful arc after rainfall when the sun shines. Commonly used in light, joyful conversations about the weather.
• A: Look at that rainbow! B: It’s so bright and vivid. Let’s take a photo.
60. A gust of wind almost blew my hat off.
• gust (noun) - A sudden, strong rush of wind
• Use ‘gust’ to denote a quick but powerful blow of wind. Helpful when describing short bursts that can catch people off-guard.
• A: Watch out for sudden gusts when you open the door. B: Thanks, I’ll hold it tightly.
61. I need a breath of fresh air after being indoors all day.
• fresh air (noun phrase) - Clean, outdoor air without pollutants
• Use ‘fresh air’ to emphasize the relief or health benefits of being outdoors, away from stale or polluted indoor air.
• A: Let’s step outside for some fresh air. B: Good idea; it’ll clear our heads.
62. Prolonged exposure in freezing weather increases the risk of frostbite.
• frostbite (noun) - Injury to body tissues caused by extreme cold, typically affecting the nose, fingers, or toes
• Use ‘frostbite’ in very cold weather discussions, especially for warnings about prolonged exposure. Emphasize protective clothing.
• A: My fingers are numb. B: Be careful; it could lead to frostbite. Warm up indoors.
63. She has chapped lips from the cold wind.
• chapped (adjective) - Sore, rough, or cracked skin, especially due to cold or dry weather
• Use ‘chapped’ to describe skin conditions in cold, dry, or windy weather. Common for lips and hands, prompting the use of lotions.
• A: My hands are so chapped. B: Try using some moisturizer or gloves.
64. The city issued an overheating warning due to the extreme heat index.
• overheating warning (noun phrase) - A caution about potential excessive heat exposure or danger
• Use ‘overheating warning’ for official advisories about dangerously high temperatures. Emphasizes the need for cooling measures and hydration.
• A: Did you see the overheating warning? B: Yes, let's stay hydrated and limit time outside.
65. A light breeze kept the afternoon heat tolerable.
• light breeze (noun phrase) - A gentle wind that provides a slight cooling effect
• Use ‘light breeze’ to convey a pleasant, mild wind that cools the air without causing disruption. Suitable for calmer weather conditions.
• A: It’s hot, but there’s a nice light breeze. B: Feels refreshing, doesn’t it?
66. We expect moderate rainfall throughout the night.
• moderate (adjective) - Average or medium in intensity, often used to describe weather conditions
• Use ‘moderate’ for weather that’s neither extreme nor minimal. Common for describing rain, temperatures, or wind strength.
• A: Are we getting heavy rain? B: It should be moderate, nothing extreme.
67. It’s been a mild winter with fewer snow days than usual.
• mild (adjective) - Gentle or not extreme in weather conditions
• Use ‘mild’ when discussing weather that’s moderate and comfortable, often warmer winters or cooler summers than expected.
• A: How’s the temperature there? B: Fairly mild, no need for a heavy coat.
68. Seasonal changes can cause allergies and weather fluctuations.
• seasonal changes (noun phrase) - Shifts in weather patterns and temperatures that happen as seasons change
• Use ‘seasonal changes’ when describing transitions between seasons, often accompanied by distinct weather shifts and adjustments in daily routines.
• A: Why is it suddenly colder? B: Must be the seasonal changes from autumn to winter.
69. On a rainy afternoon, we look for fun indoor activities.
• indoor activities (noun phrase) - Things done inside a building, suitable for bad weather days
• Use ‘indoor activities’ when advising or discussing leisure or entertainment options during inclement weather, such as board games or reading.
• A: It’s pouring outside. B: Let’s think of indoor activities to keep us busy.
70. Sunny weekends are perfect for outdoor activities like hiking or barbecues.
• outdoor activities (noun phrase) - Things done outside, influenced by the weather conditions
• Use ‘outdoor activities’ when referencing leisure or recreational events that depend on suitable weather conditions.
• A: Any plan for the sunny weekend? B: Yes, I’m organizing some outdoor activities at the park.
71. A travel advisory was issued because of heavy snow on the roads.
• travel advisory (noun phrase) - Official notice alerting the public to hazardous or difficult travel conditions due to weather
• Use ‘travel advisory’ to caution others about unsafe travel circumstances caused by weather events, usually from governmental or weather agencies.
• A: Are we still driving tonight? B: There’s a travel advisory. It might be safer to wait.
72. A sudden sandstorm reduced visibility and forced road closures.
• sandstorm (noun) - A strong wind that carries clouds of sand, typically in desert regions
• Use ‘sandstorm’ when discussing weather patterns in arid or desert areas. It can be dangerous for visibility and breathing.
• A: We got caught in a sandstorm. B: I hope you had goggles or a face covering.
73. The dust storm turned the sky orange for a few hours.
• dust storm (noun phrase) - A weather condition characterized by strong winds and dust-filled air
• Use ‘dust storm’ to describe strong winds in dry regions carrying large amounts of dust or sand, affecting visibility and air quality.
• A: Why is it so dark outside at noon? B: A dust storm blew in from the plains.
74. The climate in this region is generally warm and humid.
• climate (noun) - The general weather conditions prevailing in an area over a long period
• Use ‘climate’ to discuss long-term or average weather patterns of a region, as opposed to day-to-day changes.
• A: How’s the climate where you live? B: Quite tropical, with hot, humid summers.
75. Climate change is causing more frequent extreme weather events.
• climate change (noun phrase) - A long-term alteration in Earth’s climate, often involving global temperature rise
• Use ‘climate change’ in discussions about broader environmental shifts and unusual weather patterns over decades. A major topic globally.
• A: Why do we see more hurricanes each year? B: It might be linked to climate change.
76. Global warming contributes to heatwaves and melting ice caps.
• global warming (noun phrase) - The long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s climate system
• Use ‘global warming’ when referencing the overall increase in Earth’s surface temperature. Often used in context of climate discussions.
• A: Is this heatwave part of a bigger pattern? B: Some say global warming is to blame.
77. El Niño years often bring heavy rainfall to the region.
• El Niño (proper noun) - A periodic warming of the Pacific Ocean that affects global weather patterns
• Use ‘El Niño’ when talking about irregular climate patterns, particularly about warming ocean currents in the Pacific that alter global weather.
• A: Why are we getting so much rain? B: It’s an El Niño year, so weather can be extreme.
• La Niña - Use ‘La Niña’ for the cooling phase, which often brings different weather extremes, opposite to El Niño effects.
78. Some people experience low mood during winter due to seasonal affective disorder.
• seasonal affective disorder (noun phrase) - A type of depression related to changes in seasons
• Use ‘seasonal affective disorder’ when discussing mood changes linked to lack of sunlight in cold or dark seasons. Common in higher latitudes.
• A: I feel down every winter. B: It might be seasonal affective disorder. Try light therapy.
79. There will be a significant temperature drop by evening.
• temperature drop (noun phrase) - A sudden or noticeable decrease in temperature
• Use ‘temperature drop’ to describe when weather changes from mild or warm to notably cooler, often within a short period.
• A: Should I bring a jacket? B: Yes, there's a temperature drop expected later.
80. We’re expecting a temperature spike tomorrow, reaching over 35°C.
• temperature spike (noun phrase) - A sudden or significant increase in temperature
• Use ‘temperature spike’ when describing a sudden jump in heat. It’s helpful for warning others to dress lightly or stay hydrated.
• A: Should I wear light clothes tomorrow? B: Definitely, there’s a temperature spike coming.
81. Cars often overheat in traffic jams during heatwaves.
• overheat (verb) - To become excessively hot, sometimes causing malfunction or harm
• Use ‘overheat’ when talking about devices, machines, or even the human body becoming too hot under high temperatures or continuous operation.
• A: My laptop keeps overheating in this weather. B: Try using a cooling pad.
82. It’s crucial to hydrate during hot weather to avoid heatstroke.
• hydrate (verb) - To supply with enough water to maintain health or function
• Use ‘hydrate’ to remind or instruct someone to drink enough water, especially important in hot or humid conditions for overall health.
• A: I feel faint from this heat. B: Grab some water and hydrate quickly.
83. He suffered from heatstroke after running in the midday sun.
• heatstroke (noun) - A serious medical condition caused by the body overheating
• Use ‘heatstroke’ for severe overheating cases. In daily conversation, it’s a warning about high-temperature risks that require immediate attention.
• A: She looks unwell in this heat. B: She might have heatstroke; let's get her in the shade and cool her down.
84. I had to scrape ice off my windshield this morning.
• windshield (noun) - The front window of a car that often collects frost or snow in cold weather
• Use ‘windshield’ when discussing driving in adverse weather conditions like frost, ice, or heavy rainfall, requiring defrosting or wipers.
• A: Did you start the car early? B: Yeah, I defrosted the windshield.
85. My wipers are worn out and can't handle heavy rain anymore.
• wipers (noun) - Windshield wipers used to clear rain or snow from a car's windshield
• Use ‘wipers’ in car-related weather talk, especially about driving safely in rain or snow. They’re crucial for clear visibility.
• A: I can barely see through the rain. B: Maybe you need new wipers.
86. Fog can significantly reduce visibility on the roads.
• visibility (noun) - How far or well one can see, often affected by weather
• Use ‘visibility’ when talking about how clearly you can see, especially in conditions like fog, heavy rain, or blizzards.
• A: Is it safe to drive? B: Visibility is low due to the heavy rain, so drive carefully.
87. The meteorologist predicted a storm by this weekend.
• meteorologist (noun) - A person who studies weather and climate
• Use ‘meteorologist’ to refer to a weather expert or professional who provides detailed forecasts. Commonly seen on TV or official websites.
• A: That meteorologist is usually accurate. B: I always check their updates before traveling.
88. I rely on my weather app to plan outdoor activities.
• weather app (noun phrase) - A mobile or computer application providing weather updates
• Use ‘weather app’ in everyday conversations about quick, accessible ways to check current and future weather. Commonly used nowadays.
• A: Should I check the news for the forecast? B: Just use a weather app; it's faster and updates regularly.
89. The meteorological service issued a severe weather alert this morning.
• meteorological service (noun phrase) - An official agency or organization that provides weather forecasts and warnings
• Use ‘meteorological service’ when referring to the official institutions that gather and analyze weather data. Often used in news or formal contexts.
• A: Do you trust the meteorological service updates? B: Yes, they have the most accurate information.
90. Allergy season is worse during spring when flowers start to bloom.
• allergy season (noun phrase) - A time of year when allergens like pollen are more prevalent and cause discomfort
• Use ‘allergy season’ in weather conversations, especially in spring or fall, to explain seasonal triggers that affect respiratory health.
• A: My eyes are itchy lately. B: It's allergy season, so pollen levels are high.
91. He uses an air purifier at home during wildfire season.
• air purifier (noun) - A device that removes contaminants from the air
• Use ‘air purifier’ to talk about combating poor indoor air quality, especially relevant in regions with frequent wildfires or pollution.
• A: The smoke from the fires is bad. B: Consider getting an air purifier to help indoors.
92. Due to extreme heat and drought, a wildfire broke out in the forest.
• wildfire (noun) - An uncontrolled fire that spreads quickly in natural areas
• Use ‘wildfire’ to describe fast-spreading fires in natural terrains, often linked to dry, hot conditions. Discuss safety or evacuation if relevant.
• A: The smoke is coming from that wildfire up north. B: Hopefully firefighters get it under control soon.
93. Evacuation orders were issued due to the approaching storm.
• evacuation (noun) - The act of moving people from a dangerous place to somewhere safer
• Use ‘evacuation’ when referencing an official directive for people to move to safety due to severe weather threats, like hurricanes or wildfires.
• A: Did you hear about the evacuation? B: Yes, we need to leave immediately.
94. They installed a lightning rod on the roof to prevent damage.
• lightning rod (noun) - A metal rod mounted on a structure to protect it from lightning strikes
• Use ‘lightning rod’ in discussions about preventive measures against thunderstorms. Not very common in everyday talk, but relevant in safety contexts.
• A: Is our building safe from lightning? B: Yes, there’s a lightning rod installed.
95. Retailers are already stocking seasonal clothing for the cold months.
• seasonal clothing (noun phrase) - Attire appropriate for a specific season or weather
• Use ‘seasonal clothing’ when discussing wardrobe changes needed to adapt to changing temperatures or weather patterns.
• A: Why is it so hard to find summer clothes now? B: Stores have switched to seasonal clothing for fall.
96. Children love jumping in puddles after a good shower.
• puddles (noun (plural)) - Small pools of water collected on the ground after rain
• Use ‘puddles’ to describe small accumulations of rainwater on surfaces. Commonly mentioned in casual conversation after rainfall.
• A: Watch out for the puddles on the sidewalk. B: Oops, too late—I stepped right in one!
97. She wore her bright red rain boots to splash in the puddles.
• rain boots (noun (plural)) - Waterproof boots worn to keep feet dry in wet conditions
• Use ‘rain boots’ when discussing appropriate footwear in wet or muddy conditions, particularly after heavy rain or in rainy climates.
• A: Should I wear sandals today? B: It's too wet, better go with rain boots.
98. An arctic blast is expected to send temperatures well below freezing.
• arctic blast (noun phrase) - A swift plunge of very cold Arctic air into lower latitudes
• Use ‘arctic blast’ for abrupt cold surges that cause significantly lower temperatures. Often used in news or forecast warnings.
• A: Did you hear about the arctic blast coming? B: Yes, we’ll have subzero temps for days.
99. Buffalo often experiences heavy lake-effect snow in winter.
• lake-effect snow (noun phrase) - Snowfall created when cold air moves over relatively warm lake waters
• Use ‘lake-effect snow’ in regions near large bodies of water where cold air passing over warms and picks up moisture, resulting in heavy snow.
• A: Why is this area getting more snow than nearby towns? B: It’s the lake-effect snow phenomenon.
100. The new wind farm will help generate renewable energy while taking advantage of strong coastal winds.
• wind farm (noun phrase) - A group of wind turbines used to produce electricity
• Use ‘wind farm’ when discussing renewable energy strategies, especially in locations with frequent or strong winds.
• A: Why did they build so many wind turbines here? B: This is a wind farm designed to harness the coastal breeze.
101. The fog horn sounded all morning due to the dense fog near the harbor.
• fog horn (noun) - A loud acoustic signal used in foggy conditions to alert ships of navigation hazards
• Use ‘fog horn’ when discussing maritime safety or thick fog conditions. More specific to coastal or marine weather contexts.
• A: What’s that loud noise? B: It’s the fog horn; visibility must be bad at sea.
102. The grass was covered in morning dew.
• dew (noun) - Tiny drops of water that form on cool surfaces at night
• Use ‘dew’ when talking about moisture that condenses overnight, commonly found on grass and outdoor surfaces in cooler early mornings.
• A: Why are my shoes wet? B: It's just the dew from the grass.
103. A high dew point makes the air feel sticky and uncomfortable.
• dew point (noun phrase) - The atmospheric temperature below which water droplets begin to condense, indicating humidity
• Use ‘dew point’ when you want a more scientific approach to humidity discussions. It’s relevant to how ‘sticky’ or ‘dry’ air feels.
• A: Why does it feel so muggy? B: The dew point is really high today.
104. Rising warm air due to convection can lead to afternoon thunderstorms.
• convection (noun) - The process by which heat is transferred by currents in a fluid or gas, often leading to thunderstorms
• Use ‘convection’ in more technical or scientific conversations about how weather systems develop, particularly storms or heat distribution.
• A: Why do storms happen mostly in late afternoon? B: Convection from the sun’s heat triggers them.
105. Wind shear can affect airplane takeoffs and landings.
• wind shear (noun phrase) - A sudden change in wind speed or direction over a short distance
• Use ‘wind shear’ in discussions about flight safety or severe storms. It's a meteorological term that can be relevant during weather extremes.
• A: The pilot mentioned wind shear. B: That explains the turbulence we felt.
106. Light pollution in the city makes it hard to see stars, even on a clear night.
• light pollution (noun phrase) - Excessive or misdirected artificial light that brightens the night sky
• Use ‘light pollution’ to explain why the night sky may not be visible in urban areas, relevant to stargazing and clear sky discussions.
• A: Why can’t we see any stars? B: It's the light pollution from streetlights and buildings.
107. Dozens of wind turbines line the coast to harness renewable energy.
• wind turbine (noun) - A machine that converts the kinetic energy in wind into electrical energy
• Use ‘wind turbine’ to talk about sustainable energy in windy regions. Commonly included in green or environmental conversations.
• A: What are those tall structures? B: They’re wind turbines providing electricity.
108. We’ll have the barbecue on Saturday, weather permitting.
• weather permitting (phrase) - Phrase used to indicate an activity is dependent on favorable weather
• Use ‘weather permitting’ to show that plans might change if conditions are bad. Common in event or activity planning discussions.
• A: Are we still going hiking tomorrow? B: Weather permitting, yes. Let’s see the forecast first.
109. The hailstorm broke several windows in the neighborhood.
• hailstorm (noun) - A storm containing a large amount of hail
• Use ‘hailstorm’ for significant hail events that can cause property damage. Stronger than a light hail shower.
• A: Did you hear that loud clattering last night? B: It was a hailstorm pelting the roofs.
110. Typhoon season typically runs from early summer to late fall in parts of Asia.
• typhoon season (noun phrase) - The period during which typhoons are most likely to form in certain regions
• Use ‘typhoon season’ in areas where tropical cyclones occur regularly each year, impacting travel and daily life.
• A: I’m traveling to the Philippines next month. B: That's typhoon season, so be prepared for storms.
111. The weather radar shows a cluster of thunderstorms heading our way.
• weather radar (noun phrase) - Equipment or technology used to detect rain, snow, and storm movements
• Use ‘weather radar’ when talking about modern forecasting tools or how meteorologists spot approaching precipitation and severe storms.
• A: How does the news track storms so precisely? B: They rely on weather radar updates.
112. We have unstable weather this spring, swinging from warm sunshine to heavy rain.
• unstable weather (adjective phrase) - Weather conditions prone to frequent or sudden changes
• Use ‘unstable weather’ to describe unpredictable conditions where forecasts may rapidly shift. Typical in transitional seasons.
• A: Should I plan a picnic? B: The forecast says unstable weather, so it might change quickly.
113. Excess moisture in the air can lead to fog and condensation.
• moisture (noun) - Water or other liquid diffused in a small quantity as vapor, within a solid, or condensed on a surface
• Use ‘moisture’ to discuss humidity or dampness in weather contexts. Often linked with mold concerns or comfort levels at home.
• A: Why is everything feeling damp? B: There's a lot of moisture in the atmosphere.
114. We've been having a dry spell, which is worrying for farmers.
• dry spell (noun phrase) - A period with little or no rain
• Use ‘dry spell’ for short-term periods of low precipitation. It may progress into a drought if it lasts too long.
• A: When was the last time it rained? B: It’s been weeks—definitely a dry spell.
115. We're expecting a cold snap this weekend, so bundle up.
• cold snap (noun phrase) - A sudden, brief period of cold weather
• Use ‘cold snap’ when referring to a quick but significant drop in temperature over a few days, common in transitional seasons.
• A: It was warm yesterday, what happened? B: A cold snap rolled in overnight.
116. Tomorrow is going to be a scorcher, so stay hydrated.
• scorcher (noun) - A very hot day
• Use ‘scorcher’ informally to emphasize a really hot day. Often used in casual conversation or headlines describing extreme heat.
• A: How hot will it get? B: It’s forecast to be a scorcher at around 40°C!
117. A smoke haze drifted into the city from the forest fires.
• smoke haze (noun phrase) - A smoky condition in the atmosphere, reducing clarity and caused by fires
• Use ‘smoke haze’ to describe visible pollution from fires that affects air quality and visibility, especially common during wildfire season.
• A: The sky looks grey again. B: That’s the smoke haze from the wildfire up north.
118. Driving is dangerous because visibility is almost zero in this blizzard.
• visibility zero (phrase) - A phrase describing extremely poor or nonexistent visibility, often due to heavy fog or snowfall
• Use ‘visibility zero’ when cautioning about extremely hazardous conditions where you cannot see ahead at all, typically in storms or fog.
• A: How’s the highway? B: Visibility is zero in some spots; might be best to wait.
119. Gale force winds are expected along the coastline this evening.
• gale force (adjective phrase) - Very strong winds, typically around 39–54 mph (63–87 km/h)
• Use ‘gale force’ for winds powerful enough to cause structural damage or disrupt sea travel. Often part of official marine weather warnings.
• A: The waves are huge! B: Gale force winds are hitting the coast right now.
120. A sudden tempest caught the fishing boats off guard.
• tempest (noun) - A violent windy storm, often involving rain, hail, or snow
• Use ‘tempest’ for dramatic emphasis on violent storms. It's somewhat literary or formal, more than everyday conversation.
• A: What was that storm last night? B: It was like a tempest—wild winds and torrential rain.
121. Coastal areas are on alert for a potential storm surge.
• storm surge (noun phrase) - A rising of the sea as a result of atmospheric pressure changes and wind associated with a storm
• Use ‘storm surge’ for discussions about coastal flooding caused by severe storms like hurricanes, often leading to evacuation orders.
• A: Why are they evacuating the beach town? B: They’re worried about the storm surge from that hurricane.
122. The eastern slope lies in a rain shadow, so it’s much drier than the western side.
• rain shadow (noun phrase) - A region having little rainfall because it is sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing winds by hills or mountains
• Use ‘rain shadow’ for geographical or meteorological explanations of different rainfall patterns on opposite mountain slopes.
• A: Why is one side so green but the other side barren? B: That’s the rain shadow effect caused by the mountains.
123. Scientists released a weather balloon to gather data about the storm system.
• weather balloon (noun) - A balloon equipped with meteorological instruments to send back information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, etc.
• Use ‘weather balloon’ when discussing how forecasters gather high-altitude data or in a context of detailed scientific weather observation.
• A: How do they know so much about upper atmosphere conditions? B: They use weather balloons to collect data.
124. Damage to the ozone layer can affect climate and increase UV exposure.
• ozone layer (noun phrase) - A region of Earth’s stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation
• Use ‘ozone layer’ when discussing broader environmental and atmospheric concerns, especially about UV radiation protection.
• A: Should I worry about UV rays? B: The ozone layer usually protects us, but we still need sunscreen.
125. The sun’s light beams broke through the clouds after the rain.
• light beams (noun (plural)) - Visible rays of light that can sometimes appear through clouds or fog
• Use ‘light beams’ for a picturesque or poetic description of sunlight streaming through breaks in clouds, often seen after storms.
• A: Look at those beautiful light beams coming through. B: Such a stunning view!
126. The sidewalks are slippery after the freezing rain.
• slippery (adjective) - Difficult to stand or move on because of a slick surface, often due to ice or rain
• Use ‘slippery’ to warn people about conditions underfoot caused by snow, ice, or rain. It's a practical term in everyday caution.
• A: Be careful out there—it's slippery. B: I'll wear boots with better traction.
127. The seasonal forecast suggests above-average snowfall this winter.
• seasonal forecast (noun phrase) - A longer-range weather prediction for an entire season
• Use ‘seasonal forecast’ for broad predictions that span weeks or months, especially when making seasonal plans or preparations.
• A: Should I buy snow tires? B: According to the seasonal forecast, it might be a good idea.
128. If you’re traveling to a cold place, pack accordingly with coats and sweaters.
• pack accordingly (phrase) - A phrase advising someone to choose clothing or supplies based on the expected weather
• Use ‘pack accordingly’ in travel or trip contexts. It’s friendly advice to bring the right gear or clothing for forecasted weather.
• A: I’m off to Canada next week. B: It's winter there, so pack accordingly!
129. We’ll have to take a rain check on our picnic if it starts pouring.
• rain check (phrase (idiomatic)) - A polite way to postpone or cancel a plan due to weather or other reasons
• Use ‘rain check’ informally to indicate rescheduling an event when weather or timing isn’t suitable. Common in social contexts.
• A: The forecast looks grim. B: Let’s take a rain check and do it another day.
130. Our outdoor concert is scheduled for Thursday, weather permitting.
• weather permitting (phrase) - Indicates an event will occur if weather conditions are suitable
• Use this phrase to emphasize that the plan depends on good weather. It’s common in announcements or casual planning.
• A: Will you host the party outside? B: Yes, weather permitting, we’ll set up in the garden.
131. The hikers enjoyed a day of blue skies and sunshine.
• blue skies (phrase) - Clear, cloudless skies that are typically associated with fair weather
• Use ‘blue skies’ to describe pleasant, cloud-free weather. Often used optimistically or to signify a happy mood.
• A: Look at those blue skies! B: Perfect for a day at the beach.
132. A light haze covered the city in the early morning.
• haze (noun) - Slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere caused by fine suspended particles
• Use ‘haze’ to describe reduced clarity in the air from tiny particles like pollution, dust, or moisture, but not as thick as fog or smog.
• A: Why does the sun look dim? B: There's a bit of haze in the air.
133. We installed a storm door to shield the main door from harsh winds.
• storm door (noun) - An exterior door that protects against bad weather and allows ventilation
• Use ‘storm door’ in discussions about home improvements or weatherproofing, especially in regions with extreme seasonal weather.
• A: Your storm door looks sturdy. B: It really helps with the cold drafts in winter.