-ess
suffix
UKɛsUSɛs
Denotes a female person or animal when added to a noun, particularly in roles, professions, or titles
Example Sentences
An actress is a female actor who performs in plays, movies, or television.
The term 'princess' denotes a female member of a royal family.
The suffix '-ess' is used to indicate female titles, such as 'countess,' the female equivalent of a count.
A lioness refers to a female lion.
The word 'goddess' signifies a female deity or divine figure.
Hostess is the female form of 'host,' indicating someone who entertains guests.
She was appointed as the poetess laureate, honoring her literary achievements.
The suffix '-ess' is becoming less common in modern English in favor of gender-neutral terms.
Thesaurus
Synonyms
How to Use
A suffix forming feminine nouns, especially for roles or occupations.The suffix '-ess' is added to nouns to form their feminine equivalents, often indicating roles, titles, or professions traditionally gendered in English. Examples include 'actress,' 'princess,' and 'hostess.' While historically widespread, its use has declined in modern language due to shifts toward gender-neutral terminology. However, it remains in use for some terms, particularly in literary or traditional contexts. Understanding its function aids in recognizing gender distinctions in historical or stylistic language.
Alternatives
Alternatives to '-ess' include gender-neutral forms like 'actor' for 'actress' or 'host' for 'hostess.' Modern language increasingly favors unmarked nouns regardless of gender.
Writing
In writing, use '-ess' sparingly and contextually. For formal or modern writing, consider gender-neutral alternatives unless the feminine form is necessary for clarity or tradition. Historical or fictional narratives may employ '-ess' for stylistic authenticity.
Casual Conversation
In casual conversation, '-ess' appears less frequently due to evolving preferences for gender-neutral terms. Words like 'waiter' and 'host' are now commonly used for all genders. Reserve '-ess' for clarity or when referencing traditional terms.
Etymology
The suffix '-ess' originates from the Old French '-esse,' which traces back to the Late Latin '-issa' and Greek '-issa,' indicating feminine forms. Historically, it was widely used across European languages to distinguish gender, reflecting societal norms of the time. Its modern decline aligns with shifting perspectives on gender inclusivity.
