[经典名诗] 秋颂 - 本诗简介

To Autumn

To Autumn - John Keats

秋颂 - 约翰·济慈

金色丰盈与万物萧瑟交融的沉思

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
薄雾弥漫、果实丰盈的季节啊,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
与那走向成熟的太阳紧紧相依;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
你与它密谋,如何让硕果丰饶,祝福万物,
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
让茅屋檐下缠绕的藤蔓挂满累累果实;
To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees,
让苔藓覆盖的果树因苹果的重量而低垂,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
让所有果实都内里饱满、甜美成熟;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
让葫芦硕大,榛果饱满,
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
籽核甜香;并令更多花蕾不断绽放,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
一再延续,为蜜蜂奉上迟来的花期,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
直到它们误以为温暖的日子永不终结,
For Summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells.
因为夏天的盛景已在黏腻的蜂巢中溢满。
Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
谁不曾在你这丰盛宝藏间见过你的身影?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
有时,只要有人走出屋外,便可发现
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
你闲适地坐在谷仓的地板上,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
你的发丝在扬谷的微风里轻轻拂动;
Or on a half-reap’d furrow sound asleep,
或许你在一条半收的垄沟上,酣然入梦,
Drows’d with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
被罂粟的香气熏得慵懒,而你的镰刀
Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:
搁置在一旁,放过了下一片织满花朵的麦田;
And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
有时,你又宛如拾穗者,
Steady thy laden head across a brook;
携满负荷的头顶,稳稳跨过小溪;
Or by a cider-press, with patient look,
或在榨苹果汁的木榨旁,静静守候,
Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.
以耐心目光注视着最后一滴滴果汁缓慢流尽。
Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
春天的歌声何在?是啊,它们如今何处?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,—
勿再惦念,你也有属于自己的乐章——
While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,
当横生的云朵渲染了这温柔的垂暮,
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
将收割后田野的残茬也染上玫瑰色调;
Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn
而后,小昆虫在河边的柳丛间成群哀鸣,
Among the river sallows, borne aloft
随微风的起落或高或低,
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
在时起时息的风中穿梭,若隐若现;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;
山坳里,肥壮的羔羊发出嘹亮的咩叫;
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft
篱笆边的蟋蟀也开始吟唱;此刻,温柔的高音里
The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;
红胸鸲在花园的空地上吹起了短笛;
And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.
聚拢的燕子于天际呢喃不休。

《秋颂》创作于1819年,是约翰·济慈最为著名的颂诗之一,也被公认为他晚期作品中的经典之作。济慈在当年秋天漫步英伦田野时,观察到丰收与季节交替所呈现出的祥和、成熟与微妙的变化,遂写下这首充满宁静力量的诗篇。全诗三节,每节十一行,分别赞美秋天的成熟、秋天的形象化身,以及秋天的音乐。济慈运用大量感官化的语言,将秋季之色、之香与之音细腻地糅合在一起,使读者仿佛置身于那金色绚丽又略带感伤的田野之中。它既体现了济慈对自然美的深刻洞察,也暗合其对生命流转与繁华易逝的沉思。

要点

1. 诗人通过丰富的视觉、嗅觉、听觉意象,描绘秋季的丰润与宁和。
2. “秋天”不只象征成熟,也暗示时序向寒冬过渡的潜在悲怀,折射济慈对人生易逝的感慨。
3. 全诗行文宁静优美,却隐含蓬勃生命力和对自然之美的深切礼赞,体现了济慈浪漫主义创作的巅峰风格。

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