Lenore - Edgar Allan Poe
莉諾兒 - 愛倫·坡
Lenore - Edgar Allan Poe
莉諾兒 - 愛倫·坡
《Lenore》是美國著名詩人愛倫·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)於1843年發表的一首抒情詩。這首詩以死亡、哀悼和靈魂的昇華為主題,表達了對一位年輕女子麗諾爾(Lenore)的逝世所帶來的情感衝擊與反思。整首詩透過主角蓋伊·德·維爾(Guy De Vere)的視角,描繪出他對逝者的深切悲痛以及對世俗虛偽的強烈譴責。
第一段:
Ah, broken is the golden bowl! the spirit flown forever!
Let the bell toll!—a saintly soul floats on the Stygian river;
And, Guy De Vere, hast thou no tear?—weep now or never more!
See! on yon drear and rigid bier low lies thy love, Lenore!
Come! let the burial rite be read—the funeral song be sung!—
An anthem for the queenliest dead that ever died so young—
A dirge for her the doubly dead in that she died so young.
此段開篇便以象徵手法展開,"golden bowl"破碎代表生命的終結,而靈魂則隨之飛向冥河(Stygian river),暗示麗諾爾已進入死後世界。詩中呼喚蓋伊·德·維爾流淚,因為這是告別摯愛最後的機會。這裡提到麗諾爾“doubly dead”,不僅指她肉體上的死亡,更暗喻她的青春與純真因早逝而被剝奪。
第二段:
“Wretches! ye loved her for her wealth and hated her for her pride,
And when she fell in feeble health, ye blessed her—that she died!
How shall the ritual, then, be read?—the requiem how be sung
By you—by yours, the evil eye,—by yours, the slanderous tongue
That did to death the innocence that died, and died so young?”
在這一段中,愛倫·坡直接批判那些虛偽的人們。他們因麗諾爾的財富而奉承她,卻又因她的驕傲而憎恨她;當她病倒時,他們甚至慶幸她的離世。這種人性的醜陋使得葬禮儀式顯得荒謬且不值得尊重。詩人質問這些人如何能用邪惡的眼光和誹謗的言語來唱頌亡者的安魂曲,進一步凸顯社會的冷漠與殘酷。
第三段:
Peccavimus; but rave not thus! and let a Sabbath song
Go up to God so solemnly the dead may feel no wrong!
The sweet Lenore hath “gone before,” with Hope, that flew beside,
Leaving thee wild for the dear child that should have been thy bride—
For her, the fair and debonair, that now so lowly lies,
The life upon her yellow hair but not within her eyes—
The life still there, upon her hair—the death upon her eyes.
此段轉向一種宗教性的安慰。“Peccavimus”(拉丁文意為“我們犯了罪”)表明人類的過錯,但同時也提醒不要過度狂亂,而是應該以莊嚴的讚美詩獻給上帝,以免冒犯死者。詩中描述麗諾爾帶著希望先行一步,留下悲痛欲絕的蓋伊·德·維爾。雖然她的金髮仍然閃耀著生命力,但她的眼睛已經失去了光彩,象徵著生命的消逝。
第四段:
“Avaunt! to-night my heart is light. No dirge will I upraise,
But waft the angel on her flight with a Pæan of old days!
Let no bell toll!—lest her sweet soul, amid its hallowed mirth,
Should catch the note, as it doth float up from the damned Earth.
To friends above, from fiends below, the indignant ghost is riven—
From Hell unto a high estate far up within the Heaven—
From grief and groan, to a golden throne, beside the King of Heaven.”
最後一段中,蓋伊·德·維爾拒絕為麗諾爾舉行傳統的哀悼儀式。他認為不應敲響喪鐘,以免麗諾爾的靈魂聽到來自地獄般的地球的聲音。相反,他選擇以古老的勝利之歌(Pæan)送別她的靈魂,相信她已從痛苦中解脫,升入天堂,坐在上帝身旁的金色寶座上。
《Lenore》是一首充滿悲劇色彩的詩作,愛倫·坡巧妙地運用語言與意象,將個人的哀傷與社會的批判結合在一起。這首詩不僅探討了死亡這一永恒主題,還揭示了人性中的矛盾與複雜,讓讀者感受到生命脆弱的同時,也思考真正的價值所在。
這首詩透過對逝去愛人的追思,表達了深刻的情感痛苦和對死亡無可挽回的無奈,同時也反映了作者內心對生命脆弱性的沉思。詩中充滿濃烈的浪漫主義風格,將悲痛升華為藝術之美,提醒讀者珍惜眼前人。