-er
suffix
UKə(r)USɚ
Used to form nouns meaning a person or thing that performs a specified action, or is associated with a specific activity or thing
Example Sentences
A teacher is someone who teaches, formed by adding '-er' to 'teach.'
The suffix '-er' can denote objects, like in 'speaker,' a device or person that produces sound.
A painter is a person who paints, whether as an artist or a decorator.
The term 'runner' describes someone who runs, often as a sport or activity.
Adding '-er' to 'farm' creates 'farmer,' indicating a person who farms.
The suffix '-er' is commonly used in English to name occupations or roles.
A player refers to someone who participates in a game or activity.
The word 'writer' denotes someone engaged in the act of writing.
How to Use
A suffix forming nouns for agents or comparatives, such as 'teacher' or 'faster.'The suffix '-er' has two primary uses in English. It is often added to verbs to create nouns that describe a person or thing performing an action, like 'runner' or 'teacher.' This usage indicates an agent or doer of the verb's action. Additionally, '-er' forms the comparative degree of adjectives (e.g., 'faster,' 'stronger'), comparing two entities. Understanding the context helps determine its specific use.
Alternatives
Alternatives to '-er' include '-or' (e.g., 'actor') or '-ist' (e.g., 'artist') for agentive nouns. For comparatives, words like 'more' or phrases like 'better than' can be alternatives when '-er' is unsuitable, such as with multi-syllable adjectives ('more beautiful').
Writing
When writing, '-er' simplifies expressions, especially in agent nouns and comparisons. For instance, 'writer' is concise for 'one who writes,' and 'faster' directly compares speed. Proper usage ensures clarity and grammatical correctness.
Casual Conversation
In daily conversation, '-er' is frequently used to describe people (e.g., 'baker') or comparisons (e.g., 'smarter'). It's an easy and intuitive way to express roles or degrees.
Etymology
The suffix '-er' originates from Old English '-ere,' itself from Proto-Germanic '*-ārijaz,' indicating an agent. For comparatives, it stems from Proto-Indo-European '*-yos.' These roots highlight its long-standing utility in English and other Germanic languages.
