after
preposition
UKˈɑːf.tərUSˈæf.tɚ
later in time than, in pursuit of, or behind in place or order
Example Sentences
I'll call you after dinner.
He left after the meeting ended.
She went out for a walk after lunch.
The cat ran after the mouse.
He was named after his grandfather.
They continued the discussion after the break.
The party will start after eight o'clock, so feel free to arrive anytime later.
He realized after a while that he had taken the wrong turn.
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conjunction
UKˈɑːf.tərUSˈæf.tɚ
at a time subsequent to the time when something has occurred
Example Sentences
I'll talk to you after I finish my homework.
He apologized after he realized his mistake.
We went for a walk after we had dinner.
You can turn on the TV after you tidy your room.
She can go out to play after she completes her chores.
They decided to start preparing for the presentation after the teacher announced the deadline.
He only understood the directions after he read them carefully a second time.
We concluded the meeting after everyone had given their input.
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adverb
UKˈɑːf.tərUSˈæf.tɚ
later or afterwards
Example Sentences
I realized my mistake soon after.
He arrived first, and I came after.
She left early, and the rest of us followed shortly after.
The restaurant closed soon after.
He typed the document and printed it after.
You can go first; I'll come right after.
We finished the initial testing and started the production run soon after.
The sky turned dark and a heavy rain began shortly after.
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How to Use
Indicates something occurring subsequent to a particular time or event.“After” can function as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb, all emphasizing a sequence in time or order. As a preposition, it specifies when something happens relative to a preceding event (e.g., “We will eat after the ceremony”). As a conjunction, it introduces a dependent clause describing what happens later (e.g., “We went home after we watched the show”). As an adverb, it modifies a verb to show what follows chronologically (e.g., “They arrived soon after”). To use “after” properly, ensure that it connects events or times in logical order. In writing or speech, “after” signals the start of a clause or phrase that clarifies timing or sequence, helping listeners or readers understand the flow of events. When combined with different verb tenses, it can set the stage for past, present, or future actions.
Alternatives
Alternatives include “following,” “subsequent to,” “later than,” or “next.” Each highlights the idea of something coming in time later or in a sequence. For example, “following” is often used interchangeably to indicate what comes next in either time or order. “Subsequent to” is a more formal option suitable for academic or legal contexts. “Later than” fits casual conversation, while “next” conveys immediate succession. These variations allow you to maintain clarity, avoid repetition, and tailor your writing or speech to different audiences and contexts.
Writing
When writing, use “after” to signal clear chronological order or logical progression. It can help guide the reader through cause-and-effect or sequence-of-events structures. Pair it with the appropriate tense for clarity, and consider transitioning between paragraphs or sections with “after” to show progression. However, avoid overusing it to maintain stylistic variety. Synonyms, such as “subsequently,” “following,” or “next,” can keep your text engaging and prevent repetition.
Casual Conversation
In everyday conversation, “after” is commonly used to describe what happens next. You might say, “Let’s get coffee after the movie,” or “I’ll call you after work.” This signals when an action will occur, ensuring clarity about the sequence. It’s straightforward, natural, and easily understood by all speakers. Just remember to specify the event, location, or time that comes first and then insert “after” to link to the subsequent action.
Etymology
The word “after” originates from Old English “æfter,” which traces back to Proto-Germanic roots. Historically, it has consistently signified a position or moment behind in time, sequence, or order. Over the centuries, English speakers have maintained its core meaning, though its usage expanded from a prepositional sense to adverbial and conjunctive roles. This versatile nature stems from its fundamental function of showing what follows or comes later, reinforcing a clear sense of progression in both conversation and writing.