金铜仙人辞汉歌 - 李贺
Song of the Gilt-Bronze Immortal Leaving the Han - Li He
金铜仙人辞汉歌 - 李贺
Song of the Gilt-Bronze Immortal Leaving the Han - Li He
“Song of the Gilt-Bronze Immortal Leaving the Han” (《金铜仙人辞汉歌》) is among the most evocative works by Tang dynasty poet Li He. Through a sequence of vivid, dreamlike images—ranging from imperial palaces and mythic beasts to drifting autumn leaves—the poem intertwines the grandeur of courtly life with a haunting sense of ephemerality.
**Setting and Symbolism**
Li He situates the reader in a twilight world of shifting sights and sounds, where reality bleeds into myth. The title’s reference to a ‘gilt-bronze immortal’ alludes to legendary statues or guardians within the Han imperial realm—figures representing divine protection or supernatural power. By personifying this immortal statue as taking leave of the emperor, Li He suggests the fading of an era’s glory, as though the spell that once sustained the empire’s magnificence has begun to dissolve.
Throughout the poem, Li He deftly employs place names—Maoling, Wu palace, Yan Terrace, Taihang—to invoke a storied geography. Each reference carries its own cultural resonances: Maoling was the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han, a symbol of imperial might; Wu conjures images of the ancient state in southeastern China, renowned for its refined culture and enthralling music. By bridging these realms with magical or mythical elements (slaying water dragons, jeweled maids, chariots of seven perfumes), the poet combines the historical with the fantastical, pulling the reader into an otherworldly tapestry.
**Atmosphere and Imagery**
From the opening lines, the poem features crisp autumn air and the persistent sense of imminent departure. ‘In Maoling, Liu the young man is but an autumn wanderer’ casts the speaker (or a half-imagined protagonist) as a transient figure, one who is destined to drift. Horses’ neighs vanish by dawn, linking the shifting of night to day with the fleeting nature of mortal journeys.
The grandeur of the imperial palaces—‘thirty-six palace courts’—contrasts with the sense of detachment in the lines that follow. We see images of martial prowess (an official hunting mythical beasts) placed side by side with delicate scenes of courtly leisure (drums and zither music). The poem moves effortlessly between high drama and hushed pathos, illustrating a layered world in which the boundaries between celebration and sorrow, triumph and decline, blur.
**Themes of Transience and Change**
Though Li He revels in dazzling spectacle, the prevailing mood is one of transience. In the Tang period, references to autumn often signaled both transformation and the pangs of nostalgia. The ‘paulownia leaves yellow’ near the ‘golden well’ accentuate how quickly splendor yields to decay. Even the unstoppable approach of frost at night underscores how grandeur fades under the weight of time and fate.
The key motif—‘Who could foresee that one horse would not return at night? / The gilded bronze immortal at last departs the Han emperor’—further heightens this sense of impermanence. By pairing the unexplained disappearance of a horse with the immortal’s dramatic exit, the poem evokes a cosmic shift, as if protective forces (or illusions of them) have abandoned the realm.
**Stylistic Hallmarks**
Li He’s style is famously dense with unexpected leaps and abrupt transitions, giving his poetry a dreamlike intensity. He piles on references—some historical, some mythological, others purely imaginary—to immerse readers in a world that is both vivid and elusive. His lines often travel from quiet, reflective moments to scenes of action or grandeur, producing a kaleidoscopic reading experience.
In this particular poem, the poet’s fascination with color and sensory detail is evident. Gold and silver accents, purple-tipped horse manes, and perfumed chariots all heighten the sense of decadent wonder, even as the undertone of autumn gloom reminds us that such beauty is fragile.
**Cultural Resonances**
“Song of the Gilt-Bronze Immortal Leaving the Han” captures a mood of lament for lost or fading glory—a theme dear to the hearts of many Tang dynasty poets who wrestled with the legacy of previous imperial triumphs. The mention of the Han emperor draws attention to the revered past; by Li He’s time, the Tang court saw itself as the continuation of the best traditions of ancient China. The poem thus hints at cyclical patterns: the powerful rise and then, like fleeting specters, slip away.
Furthermore, the poem’s union of martial imagery (hunting dragons, tall war-horses) with refined art (jade zither, perfumed carriages) reflects the Tang ideal: a cultured warrior-sage or a harmonious court that balances might with elegance. Li He’s stance, however, is ironic. Rather than celebrate the apex of empire, he implies that such height is fragile. One night, one season, can change everything.
**Enduring Appeal**
Modern readers continue to find this poem compelling for its blending of majestic pageantry and underlying melancholy. The dazzling illusions of palace life, tinged by unstoppable autumn and the sudden departure of the poem’s titular immortal, remind us of life’s ephemeral truths. Empires, alliances, and even the arts themselves carry no guarantee of permanence.
Li He’s singular poetic voice—mysterious, allusive, and visually arresting—makes “Song of the Gilt-Bronze Immortal Leaving the Han” a prime example of Tang lyricism at its most atmospheric. It resonates as both an enchanting literary artifact and a cautionary meditation on how quickly grandeur can slip into memory.
• Vivid imagery and abrupt transitions create a dreamlike narrative of imperial opulence.
• Mythic references (water dragons, gilded immortals) highlight the tension between power and inevitable decline.
• Autumn motifs underscore themes of transience and longing.
• The poem intertwines martial and courtly elements, illustrating Tang ideals of refined grandeur.
• Li He’s signature style captivates through intense color, sensory details, and a sense of hovering mystery.
It reminds me of a fading sunset on old ruins: a fleeting glow over stone and metal, an acknowledgment that everything we build must one day yield to the night.
We see a cosmic sorrow looming in the lines, as though the statue itself wishes it could have stopped the empire’s decay but was powerless, pinned to a spot by the very metal shaping it.
A short comment: reading it feels like pressing an ear to a cold metal chest, hoping to catch the heartbeat of a vanished dynasty.
Compared to Li Bai’s occasionally grand reflections on the Han era, Li He’s approach is more haunted and mournful, capturing an almost spectral farewell that lingers on the edges of memory rather than celebrating past grandeur.
Though it references a metal immortal, the poem reveals that no empire—nor even a solid statue—can truly outlast the march of centuries.
The poem’s short lines emphasize the statue’s stoic sadness—like crisp, measured steps echoing in a deserted courtyard, underscoring the hush of an empire gone.
It’s as if the bronze figure itself hums with an ancient lament, longing for the swirl of palace life that has long since turned to dust.
One short reflection: ultimately, it’s not only about the statue’s lament. It’s about our own longing for lost ages, knowing that all we can truly hold are fragile echoes in poetry and memory.
That sense of suspended regret resonates with modern debates about historical monuments—what do they stand for once their original world is gone? Li He’s poem suggests they remain as hushed reminders of fleeting glory.
I love how Li He uses the statue as a bridge between the living and the dead—this metal figure bears witness to centuries of shifting power, and now stands lonely and still.
The poem’s quiet heartbreak calls to mind certain lines in Li Shangyin’s verses about transience: both poets highlight that even the mightiest illusions of permanence dissolve under time’s relentless pressure.
It’s the kind of poem that can make you feel the weight of history on your shoulders, an empathy for what remains silent yet mournful in the face of oblivion.
There’s a tinge of the supernatural in the poem, typical of Li He’s style—a sense that beyond the surface, ancient spirits might stir within the statue’s metal frame.
A solitary echo flows through these lines, as if a long-forgotten deity laments the empire’s passing from a silent perch of bronze.
The poem’s introspective sadness lingers like a faint echo in a grand, empty hall, highlighting the distance between then and now.
I love how Li He shows the statue not just as a monument, but a silent mourner for the empire that forged it, a silent testament to both greatness and impermanence.
In each verse, you almost feel a tiny pang: no matter how fine the artistry, the world around it has changed, leaving the statue’s unwavering stance a poignant relic rather than a proud symbol.
The poem resonates with the subdued clang of ancient metal, hinting at both the glory and fragility of a bygone era.
Short yet resonant: every word scrapes against the hush of lost imperial might, reminding us that even the finest bronze can’t forever shield a kingdom from decline.
Even a statue meant to be immortal can’t stave off that quiet sense of farewell—an empire’s spirit can vanish while its metal effigy endures, unfeeling and alone.
Reading it, I’m reminded of present-day concerns about the fragility of cultural symbols. Statues in public squares often become flashpoints for debate, with some pulled down or defaced—reminding us that no monument is truly beyond the reach of changing times.
There’s a quiet majesty in every line, a sense of unspoken sorrow for lost splendor once revered under the endless sky.
Sometimes, it’s not about the battles or the conquests—just the lonely artifact left behind, summing up both the height of power and the quiet sorrow of its fall.
Each phrase conjures the hush of imperial halls left deserted, stirring echoes of proud processions that once graced those corridors.
I sense no outright blame—just a resigned, softly spoken regret for a brilliance that once shone so brightly and then fell into history’s shadow.
In drawing attention to the statue’s voice, Li He suggests that we might hear history’s lament if we only listen close enough to the silent relics that remain.
In typical Li He fashion, the poem mingles tangible details—hard metal and carved inscriptions—with a subtle, almost ethereal sorrow that infuses every line.
Stepping away from the poem, I’m left imagining the statue in moonlight, carved face betraying no expression, yet carrying a thousand unspoken stories in its frozen gaze.
Li He’s hallmark sense of the eerie emerges here, merging ghostly longing with the stark reminder that even gods cast in bronze can’t hold back time’s erasing hand.
Li He’s pen reveals that monuments built to last may ironically become the loneliest observers of time’s passing, guardians of a vanished world no one else fully remembers.
The lines hold a subdued grandeur, evoking the grandeur of the Han era while underscoring how ephemeral such glories can be.
In each verse, you glimpse the statue’s perspective, as if it wants to speak its heartbreak yet remains frozen in poised silence, a relic left behind by time’s unstoppable tide.
One senses the hollowness within that metal shell—like a muted voice mourning the world it once adored.
Though referencing the Han era, the poem’s gentle laments apply universally: all golden ages slip away, leaving behind monuments that speak only in hushed tones of memory.
At the same time, an undercurrent of regret runs through the stanzas, acknowledging how swiftly human achievements can be undone.
Li He’s language flickers with a dreamlike quality: the bronze immortals seem half alive, caught in a perpetual twilight of fading memory.
Like a fleeting lamp in a dark corridor, Li He’s verses briefly illuminate the statue’s silent reflections—a flicker of empathy for an object that’s witnessed so much and can never move or speak.
It’s fascinating how a metal figure, presumably unfeeling, is imbued with such depth of emotion by the poet’s carefully chosen words.
As with many Li He works, there’s an undercurrent of the eerie, blending mortal regrets with a timeless hush that seeps from another realm. This lends the poem a dreamlike, introspective glow.
Closing the poem is like softly shutting the door on a long-abandoned palace: the echoes remain, hinting that behind all the grandeur, a quiet sorrow endures, etched in bronze for any who choose to listen.
Sometimes I imagine a single, steady wind brushing against the bronze statue, carrying faint regrets across centuries.
Yet there’s a measure of dignity, too: the statue stands, unbroken, holding within it the dreams and echoes of a lost dynasty, if only we had ears to hear them.