「十四行詩第18首」※ 一首對愛情與美的不朽頌歌 ※ 經典名詩

A romantic painting depicting a serene summer day with soft sunlight illuminating a beautiful figure standing amidst blooming flowers and lush greenery. The scene should evoke timeless elegance and beauty, capturing both the vibrancy of nature and the ethereal quality of human grace.

Sonnet 18 - William Shakespeare

十四行詩第18首 - 威廉·莎士比亞

讚美愛人永恆之美

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Shall I compare you to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
You are more lovely and more moderate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
Rough winds do shake the beloved buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
And summer's duration is all too brief:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And often is its golden face dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
And every beauty will sometimes decline,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;
By chance or by nature's changing course left bare;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
But your eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor lose ownership of the beauty you possess;
Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,
Nor shall Death boast that you wander in his shadow,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
When in eternal lines to time you endure:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
As long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
So long will this live, and this gives life to you.

詩歌詳解:《第18號十四行詩》— 威廉·莎士比亞

這首詩是莎士比亞最著名的十四行詩之一,題為《第18號十四行詩》,屬於他的154首十四行詩的一部分。這首詩主要表達了對愛人或所愛之人的無盡讚美與永恆的愛意,並探討了時間、自然和美的主題。

第一段:比較之美

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

開篇便以一個問題開始:“我能否將你比作夏天?”這裡的“夏天”象徵著美麗、溫暖與豐饒,是一年中最美好的季節。然而,詩人隨即指出:

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

“你比夏天更可愛、更溫和。”詩人認為,雖然夏天美好,但它無法完全代表他所愛之人的完美。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

“狂風會吹落五月的花蕾”,暗示夏天並非毫無瑕疵,它有時顯得粗暴,甚至破壞自然的美好。

And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

“而且夏天的租期過於短暫”,說明夏天的美麗稍縱即逝,無法持久。

第二段:自然的缺陷

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

“有時天堂的眼睛(太陽)照耀得太過炎熱”,這裡用擬人化的手法描寫夏天的酷熱,進一步凸顯其不完美。

And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;

“而它的金色面容常常變得暗淡”,指陰天或暴風雨遮蔽了陽光,使得夏天失去了光彩。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

“每一份美好終究都會衰敗”,強調一切美好的事物都難逃時間的侵蝕。

By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;

“因意外或自然變遷而不復從前”,表明無論是偶然事件還是自然規律,都會讓美麗消逝。

第三段:永恆之美

But thy eternal summer shall not fade

“但你的永恆夏天不會凋零”,詩人在這裡轉向對所愛之人的直接讚頌,認為對方的美麗超越了自然界的限制。

Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;

“也不會失去你擁有的那份美麗”,指出這種美麗是內在且永恆的。

Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,

“死亡也不能誇耀你徘徊在他的陰影中”,意思是即使肉體消亡,靈魂與精神仍將長存。

When in eternal lines to time thou growest:

“因為你將隨著這些永恆的詩句成長”,詩人相信自己的文字能夠跨越時間,使愛人的形象永遠留存。

結尾:詩歌的力量

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

“只要人類還能呼吸,眼睛還能看見”,這是對生命延續的肯定。

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

“這首詩就會存在,而它賦予你生命”,最後一句揭示了詩歌的力量——通過藝術創作,可以實現某種形式的永生。

總結

《第18號十四行詩》不僅是一首愛情詩,也是一首關於時間、自然與藝術的哲理詩。詩人藉由對比自然界中的缺陷與愛人完美的形象,表達了對後者的極致讚美。同時,他提出了一個深刻的思想:儘管時間會摧毀一切,但文學和藝術卻有能力保存那些珍貴的瞬間,使之成為永恆。

重點

1. 藝術和文字擁有超越時間的力量,能讓美永恆留存。
2. 自然之美雖然壯麗,但終究難逃衰敗;唯有真摯的情感才能不朽。
3. 《十四行詩第18首》展示了莎士比亞對語言的精妙運用及深刻哲思。

意見評論
    開心的時間總是過得特別快!
    可用語言