衡阳与梦得分路赠别 - 柳宗元
Farewell to Mengde at Hengyang - Liu Zongyuan
衡阳与梦得分路赠别 - 柳宗元
Farewell to Mengde at Hengyang - Liu Zongyuan
“衡阳与梦得分路赠别” is a farewell poem written by Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元), one of the most celebrated poets of the Tang Dynasty. The title suggests that this poem was composed during a parting with his friend Meng De (梦得), likely referring to another notable poet, Liu Yuxi (刘禹锡), who was also a close associate and fellow exile. The poem reflects Liu Zongyuan's personal struggles, political disappointments, and deep emotions at the time of their separation.
Liu Zongyuan lived during a turbulent period in Chinese history marked by political intrigue and factionalism within the imperial court. As a reform-minded official, he became embroiled in political conflicts that led to his exile. This poem was written after a decade of hardship in the capital Chang'an (秦京), which unexpectedly culminated in further banishment to southern China ("岭外"). Such exiles were common punishments for those who fell out of favor with the ruling powers.
In these opening lines, Liu Zongyuan laments the long years of suffering and exhaustion he endured while serving in the capital, only to find himself facing yet another journey—this time into exile beyond the Lingnan region ("岭外"). The phrase "十年憔悴" conveys both physical and emotional weariness accumulated over ten difficult years. The word "谁料" expresses his disbelief and bitterness at this unexpected turn of events.
Here, Liu refers to historical allusions to evoke a sense of desolation and loss. "伏波故道" refers to the old paths once trodden by General Ma Yuan (马援), a revered military figure from the Han Dynasty known for his campaigns in the south. The imagery of lingering "风烟" (wind and smoke) suggests the enduring traces of past glory now overshadowed by decay. Similarly, "翁仲遗墟" references stone statues or monuments left behind by ancient rulers, now overgrown with grass and trees ("草树平"), symbolizing how even great legacies fade over time.
These lines reveal Liu’s self-reflection on his own life choices. He acknowledges that his casual and somewhat indifferent attitude toward worldly affairs ("慵疏") has invited criticism ("招物议"). Despite his literary talents, he advises against seeking fame through writing ("休将文字占时名"), recognizing that such pursuits are fleeting and ultimately futile in the face of political turmoil and personal misfortune.
The final couplet captures the poignancy of the farewell moment. Traditionally, friends would bid each other farewell by a riverbank ("临河别"), but Liu says there is no need for such formalities now. Instead, the depth of his sorrow is so profound that tears flow like rivers ("垂泪千行"), enough to wash his cap-strings ("濯缨"). This metaphor emphasizes the overwhelming grief he feels as he parts ways with his friend, underscoring the emotional weight of their separation.
“衡阳与梦得分路赠别” stands as a poignant testament to Liu Zongyuan's resilience amidst adversity and his ability to channel personal anguish into timeless poetry. The work encapsulates themes of loss, reflection, and the enduring strength of friendship, making it a cherished piece in the canon of classical Chinese literature.
This heartfelt poem captures the emotional weight of separation between two close friends, emphasizing themes of enduring camaraderie, shared memories, and the pain of distance. Liu Zongyuan's eloquent verses remind readers of the timeless nature of human connection and the bittersweet moments that accompany life’s journeys.
In today’s world of instant messaging, it’s easy to forget the gravity of physical separation that poems like this once conveyed.
That final image of splitting paths reminds me of life’s many moments of divergence—some small, some monumental, but all shaping our journey.
Short yet vivid, each verse offers a tender moment of goodbye under the shadow of distant hills.
It’s fascinating how centuries later, the theme of parting remains so relatable, especially for those relocating to chase new opportunities today.
In the quiet after reading this, I reflect on my own goodbyes—how each parting is a small heartbreak, but also a step toward the future.
Reading this, I’m reminded of friends in different cities. Despite our online connections, the tangible space between us still shapes our relationships.
Sometimes, the gentlest lines hold the deepest feelings, and this poem proves that perfectly.
There’s a small voice in these verses that says we can’t hold onto everything—life propels us, sometimes away from those we cherish.
I love how it balances sorrow and serenity, giving a sense of closure without sinking into despair.
It’s reminiscent of Li Bai’s farewell poems, though here the tone feels softer, more quietly resigned than overtly dramatic.
In our globalized era, reading this poem evokes the countless airport farewells, where tears fall in silent understanding that each must follow their own route.
A short poem that resonates like an echo in an empty hall, reminding us that every friendship has its pivotal moments of goodbye.
There’s a lingering sorrow here that reminds me of Du Fu’s emotional goodbyes, though Liu Zongyuan’s tone is subtly more introspective.
A few lines, but an entire story of friendship and longing brims beneath. Liu Zongyuan seems to magnify the sense of inevitability we face when paths diverge. You can almost feel the hush of the moment, the slow passing of time, and the gentle sorrow in each breath. The poem stands as a testament to the timelessness of parting: no matter how advanced we become, the tenderness of farewells remains constant. Even in a modern context, airports and train stations echo this same sense of fleeting presence and future separation.
I sense that Liu Zongyuan didn’t want to burden his friend with sorrow, yet he couldn’t hide the trace of wistfulness in his words. The poem stands as a gentle tribute to a shared past and a yet-unknown future. Each image—whether it’s the mention of Hengyang or the implied separation—comes wrapped in a quiet sadness but also an acceptance that this is how life flows. There’s a timeless quality here: countless friendships have ended at crossroads, and each time, the same muted heartbreak arises. Today, we might part ways with text messages or video calls, but the essence remains. That universal emotional chord is what binds us to this poem, even after all these centuries. Through its poignancy, Liu Zongyuan shows how farewells can be both an end and a subtle beginning of new journeys.
The emotion runs deep. I picture two friends at a crossroads, sharing one last, wistful glance before heading in opposite directions.
I feel the ache of farewell woven into every line of this poem.
Listening to the hush in these lines makes me imagine standing on a windswept road, your friend’s figure growing smaller by the second.
I find it particularly poignant in a world where people often move internationally for careers, leaving old friends in different time zones.
It doesn’t dwell on the pain but acknowledges it gracefully, hinting at a respect for fate’s unfolding paths.
The poem’s restraint speaks volumes about the emotional weight beneath its surface.
A hush of acceptance threads through the poem, as if acknowledging that this goodbye was inevitable all along.
‘衡阳与梦得分路赠别’ beautifully captures the complexity of parting, where friendship tugs at the heart but life compels us to go our separate ways.
Such farewells become part of our personal story. They shape who we are, just as the poet’s experiences shaped these verses.
I’m moved by how Liu Zongyuan’s farewell conveys a gentle acceptance, as though sadness and understanding have fused into a single emotion.
There’s a calm resignation in these words, suggesting that while farewells are bittersweet, they’re also an integral part of life’s journey.
I love how the poem subtly blends the physical landscape with the emotional terrain—rivers and roads reflecting diverging futures.
Like reading a travel journal, the poem quietly acknowledges how distance shapes human bonds—something we still face with family moving abroad for work or study.
A mere handful of lines, yet the gravity of the separation comes through powerfully.
The lines feel hushed, as though spoken in the quiet moments after a heartfelt embrace, before each person turns to walk away.