兵车行 - 杜甫
烽尘不息，兵车辚辚诉悲鸣
车辚辚，马萧萧，行人弓箭各在腰。
Rumbling go the carts, the horses neigh and sigh, each soldier bearing bow and arrows at his side.
爷娘妻子走相送，尘埃不见咸阳桥。
Fathers, mothers, wives, and children rush to see them off, dust clouds obscure the Xianyang Bridge from sight.
牵衣顿足拦道哭，哭声直上干云霄。
They tug at clothes, stamp their feet, blocking the road in tears—wails soaring to the very skies.
道傍过者问行人，行人但云点行频。
Travelers by the wayside ask the troops, who answer only that new levies come too often.
或从十五北防河，便至四十西营田。
Some left at fifteen to guard the northern Yellow River, and by forty must toil on western farmland camps.
去时里正与裹头，归来头白还戍边。
When they departed, village elders bound their heads with cloth; returning now with white hair, they still guard the frontier.
边庭流血成海水，武皇开边意未已。
Blood has flowed on the borders like a sea, yet our warlike emperor’s desire for conquest knows no end.
君不闻汉家山东二百州，千村万落生荆杞？
Have you not heard how, in two hundred prefectures east of the mountains, countless villages lie ruined, overgrown by thorn and briar?
纵有健妇把锄犁，禾生陇亩无东西。
Though robust women may wield hoes and plows, the fields yield scant grain, directionless and barren.
况复秦兵耐苦战，被驱不异犬与鸡！
And the Qin troops endure endless harsh battles, driven forth like dogs and chickens!
长者虽有问，役夫敢申恨？
Even if elders ask of their plight, how dare these conscripted men voice their resentments?
且如今年冬，未休关西卒。
Take this winter for instance—still the troops from Guanzhong have no respite.
县官急索租，租税从何出？
Local officials demand taxes with urgency—yet from where can these levies be paid?
信知生男恶，反是生女好；
Now I see raising sons brings woe, better to have daughters instead;
生女犹得嫁比邻，生男埋没随百草！
A daughter may still wed a neighbor, but a son may vanish, body lost among wild weeds.
君不见青海头，古来白骨无人收；
Have you not seen by the shores of Qinghai, where ancient bones lie unclaimed from ages past?
新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭，天阴雨湿声啾啾！
New ghosts moan grievances, old ghosts wail in pain, their mournful cries rise in the dreary, rain-soaked air.
《兵车行》是杜甫“新乐府”代表作之一，全篇借征夫出征的情景，描绘了盛唐后期因不断开边、战乱频仍而导致的民生涂炭。诗中“车辚辚，马萧萧”一句，将军旅出征的紧迫感和悲凉氛围在开头即刻呈现；随后的“爷娘妻子走相送”则以家庭离别场景衬托战事所带来的惨痛。在尘埃漫天、哭声震天的画面里，诗人以冷峻又悲悯的笔调，为读者揭示了无数普通人卷入战事、不得安生的现实。
中间段落通过征夫与过路者的对答，引出“三十年征戍”“白发仍戍边”以及“边庭流血成海水”的惊心事实，批判了统治者穷兵黩武、开边不止的政策。同时，“千村万落生荆杞”与“健妇把锄犁”展现出内地劳动力匮乏、田园荒废，百姓苦不堪言。战事持久，赋税繁苛，使得田间贫瘠、家园难守，所折射出的社会问题不止于前线，更蔓延到广袤的民间。
末尾“信知生男恶，反是生女好”乃杜甫对现实残酷与人伦颠倒的痛切哀叹：生男征战，尸骨无存，生女反能留在家乡。青海湖边“白骨无人收，新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭”将人命如草芥、战乱无尽的景象推向极致。杜甫以敏锐的眼光和深沉的情感，将家国命运与个人悲痛融为一体；正因这样的真切与尖锐，《兵车行》直击人心，在中国诗歌史上占据无可替代的地位，成为后世理解唐代战事与民生困苦的一把重要钥匙。
要点
1. 借征夫与送别场景揭示战争残酷，批判朝廷穷兵黩武的政治失误。
2. 描绘民间赋税沉重、农田荒芜，揭露战时社会生态的全面崩坏。
3. 诗人以生男生女的颠倒价值，将家国动荡下的苦难与悲哀深深刻画。