兵车行 - 杜甫
The War Chariots - Du Fu
兵车行 - 杜甫
The War Chariots - Du Fu
车辚辚,马萧萧,
Chariots rattle, horses neigh,
行人弓箭各在腰。
Travelers carry bows and arrows at their waist.
耶娘妻子走相送,
Fathers, mothers, wives, and children rush to bid farewell,
尘埃不见咸阳桥。
Dust so thick, the Xianyang Bridge is lost from view.
牵衣顿足拦道哭,
They tug sleeves, stamp feet, and cry in the middle of the road,
哭声直上干云霄。
Their wailing pierces the clouds on high.
道旁过者问行人,
Passersby inquire of these departing soldiers,
行人但云点行频。
They reply only that more must join the ranks.
或从十五北防河,
Some at fifteen guard the northern river,
便至四十西营田。
Until forty, they camp and farm in the west.
去时里正与裹头,
When they left, the village chief wrapped their heads,
归来头白还戍边。
They return white-haired, yet still garrison the frontier.
边庭流血成海水,
Blood on the borderlands accumulates into a sea,
武皇开边意未已。
Yet the Emperor’s thirst for expansion knows no end.
君不闻汉家山东二百州,
Have you not heard of the two hundred districts east of the mountains?
千村万落生荆杞?
Thousands of villages lie overgrown with thorny scrub.
纵有健妇把锄犁,
Even if strong wives still wield hoes and plows,
禾生陇亩无东西。
Grain sprouts haphazardly, fields left in disarray.
况复秦兵耐苦战,
Moreover, the soldiers of Qin endure endless hardship,
被驱不异犬与鸡!
Driven as though they were dogs or chickens!
长者虽有问,
Although elders wish to inquire,
役夫敢伸恨?
The drafted dare not voice their resentment.
且如今年冬,
Now, this winter,
未休关西卒。
The western troops still find no respite.
县官急索租,
Local officers hurry to demand taxes,
租税从何出?
But from where can the levy be paid?
信知生男恶,
Indeed, to bear sons seems a curse,
反是生女好;
Better instead to have daughters.
生女犹得嫁比邻,
A daughter can at least wed a neighbor,
生男埋没随百草。
A son is buried in war among weeds and thorns.
君不见青海头,
Do you not see by the shores of Qinghai,
古来白骨无人收?
Where ancient bones lie unclaimed through the ages?
新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭,
Fresh ghosts lament, old ghosts wail,
天阴雨湿声啾啾!
In dark skies and drizzling rain, their cries echo endlessly.
“The War Chariots” is among Du Fu’s most gripping commentaries on the human cost of relentless military campaigns. Composed during the Tang Dynasty’s conflicts, it gives voice to soldiers coerced into endless service, as well as the families they leave behind. The poem begins with rattling chariots and tearful farewells, underscoring the despair that clings to each forced departure. Du Fu laments how youthful dreams wither into old age on the battlefield, conveying that the cycle of conscription spares neither the young nor the aging.
He juxtaposes the cruelty of war—blood turning borderlands into seas—with the Emperor’s unceasing ambitions, vividly portraying a realm ravaged by expansionist aims. Civilians, starved of labor, find their fields overtaken by weeds and thorns. Perhaps the poem’s most poignant lines concern the futility of bearing sons, only to see them sacrificed as nameless casualties. Ultimately, Du Fu’s vivid portrayal of soldiers as nothing more than beasts of burden resonates through time, challenging readers to question the reasons behind warfare and power’s often callous grip. Even centuries later, “The War Chariots” remains a testament to the misery inflicted upon innocent lives by distant, unyielding authority.
Du Fu’s poem is a powerful indictment of militarism, underscoring how battlefield glory exacts a devastating price. It highlights the heartbreak of families, the forced sacrifices of common folk, and the tragic waste of human life. Though set in a different era, the emotions it conveys—fear, anger, grief, and resignation—reflect universal human responses to war’s unending demands.
When placed alongside Li Shangyin’s more enigmatic verses, Du Fu’s style in ‘兵车行’ feels painfully direct, as if the poet refuses to sugarcoat the truth.
Comparing it to Du Fu’s ‘春望,’ I sense a similar lament for a war-torn land. But while ‘春望’ gazes upon ruined cities, ‘兵车行’ focuses on the actual procession of men pulled from their homes. Both convey heartbreak, yet in different shades of sorrow.
The poem’s force lies in its vivid snapshots: dusty roads, anxious crowds, the unspoken dread shared by everyone forced to depart.
It’s a piece that forces readers to imagine themselves on that dusty path, feeling helpless as endless carts trundle onward.
One short read of these lines evokes a swelling ache, as if Du Fu is channeling every mother’s dread and every child’s confusion at watching loved ones leave.
Ultimately, ‘兵车行’ endures as a soul-piercing lament, an eloquent cry for peace that transcends time, borders, and language.
War may have changed forms, but the pain Du Fu depicts resonates with modern conflicts. I’m reminded of news footage showing families torn apart in regions facing ongoing violence, mirroring the poem’s haunting images of separation.
These verses convey more than an outcry; they document a collective heartbreak that’s too often repeated in history, urging us to remember the human faces behind each conscripted name.
This poem is a timeless protest against the ravages of unending war, a testament that empathy can span centuries.
I’m always struck by the poet’s direct condemnation of the conflict. He doesn’t gloss over anything with flowery language, making the sorrow hit even harder.
Throughout the poem, the unrelenting images of dust and hoofbeats underscore the tragedy of how quickly a normal life can be lost to war.
The sorrow is as boundless as the road the conscripted men travel, reminding us that war’s toll extends far beyond the battlefield.
The poem stands as a timeless warning: war devours hope long before the first arrow flies.
From the rattling wheels of the carts to the grieving wives left behind, each detail underscores the senseless cycle of war Du Fu so often lamented.
Despite being written centuries ago, ‘兵车行’ captures a scenario we still see in crisis zones worldwide—young men conscripted, families torn asunder, communities left in turmoil.
Reading it today makes me think of all the hidden casualties we never see on the news—like mental health struggles, domestic upheavals, and generational traumas. Du Fu’s lines are a mirror held up to these realities.
Comparing ‘兵车行’ with Du Fu’s ‘新婚别,’ both deal with separation under dire circumstances, yet ‘兵车行’ shows a collective sorrow—an entire procession—rather than the singular heartbreak of newlyweds. It amplifies the communal scale of suffering.
It resonates with today’s refugee crises; entire populations uprooted, forced onto roads they’d rather avoid, bearing heartbreak and uncertainty in every step.
The crying voices in the poem echo through time, a stark reminder of how routine war has become in human history.
Every time I read this poem, I’m struck by Du Fu’s raw empathy—he sees the human cost in every soldier’s weary face.
The stark imagery—worn-out carts, anxious crowds—reminds me of black-and-white wartime footage where lines of weary faces reflect the cost of armed conflict.
The poet’s compassion is evident in how he lingers on the civilians’ fates, noting the silent tears and dashed hopes that follow each departing soldier.
Li Bai’s approach to war topics feels more poetic and abstract, while Du Fu’s lines here cut straight to the bone, depicting the stark reality of forced marches.
Compared to Wang Wei’s tranquil nature poems, ‘兵车行’ jolts us with gritty reality, showing that not even the finest verse can soften the agony of war.
It’s not merely about soldiering; it’s about the ripple effect on society—the children who grow up fatherless, the fields left untilled, the older generation robbed of its support.
Du Fu’s stark portrayal of war’s devastation in ‘兵车行’ hits like a punch to the gut.
The lines here reveal the heavy burden placed on ordinary people, drafted into battles they never chose.
Even in translation, the poet’s plea for compassion rings loud and clear. You can sense Du Fu’s grief for the families left to cope.
I find it striking how Du Fu, though known for refined style, doesn’t shy away from the harshest truths of civilian suffering. It’s a moral outcry, urging us to acknowledge the collateral damage of conflict.
When reading ‘兵车行,’ I can’t help but recall modern military deployments. Even with advanced technology and global awareness, the pain of farewell remains the same—families broken apart, uncertain returns.