兵车行 - 杜甫
征夫悲鳴與邊庭血淚的雄渾控訴
車轔轔，馬蕭蕭，
Carriages rumble, horses whinny with mournful sound,
行人弓箭各在腰。
The conscripted men all bear bow and arrows at their waist.
耶娘妻子走相送，
Fathers and mothers, wives and children hurry to see them off,
塵埃不見咸陽橋。
Dust clouds obscure where the Xianyang Bridge once stood.
牽衣頓足攔道哭，
They tug at their garments, stamp their feet, and block the road with tears,
哭聲直上干雲霄。
Their wailing rises straight to pierce the vault of heaven.
道傍過者問行人，
Travelers by the roadside ask these troops,
行人但云點行頻。
Who only say the draft notices come too often.
或從十五北防河，
Some go north to guard the Yellow River at age fifteen,
便至四十西營田。
Till forty, they are sent west to cultivate army fields.
去時里正與裹頭，
When they left, the village headband was newly wrapped,
歸來頭白還戍邊。
They return with white hair, yet must guard the frontier again.
邊庭流血成海水，
Blood on border battlefields has become a sea of crimson,
武皇開邊意未已。
Yet our martial emperor’s ambition to expand persists unbroken.
君不聞漢家山東二百州，
Have you not heard how in Han’s eastern provinces—two hundred in number—
千村萬落生荊棘？
A thousand villages and ten thousand hamlets lie overgrown with thorns?
縱有健婦把鋤犂，
Though hardy women still wield hoe and plow,
禾生隴畝無東西。
Crops on the ridges are sparse and scattered, directionless.
況復秦兵耐苦戰，
Moreover, Qin troops fight these bitter campaigns unceasing,
被驅不異犬與雞。
Driven to war no better than dogs or chickens.
長者雖有問，
Though elders may inquire about their plight,
役夫敢申恨？
What conscript soldier dares voice his complaints?
且如今年冬，
Even now, this very winter,
未休關西卒。
The troops of the west remain unrested and unrelieved.
《兵車行》是杜甫以樂府古題創作的社會批判詩，蘊含強烈的憂世情懷與對軍役橫徵的控訴。詩歌以「車轔轔，馬蕭蕭」的強烈音效開端，生動展現徵兵出征時車馬之聲與親人送別的悲痛場景；「耶娘妻子走相送，塵埃不見咸陽橋」則進一步寫出塵沙漫天、送行人群遍佈，猶如唐王朝戰禍頻繁下的典型景象。
中間幾句揭示當時徭役之頻繁與役期之漫長：「或從十五北防河，便至四十西營田」道出士兵從少年到壯年都在邊境間輾轉，回鄉日遙遙無期。長年累月的征戰，在「邊庭流血成海水」的誇張比喻下，反映出戰爭導致大量流血與百姓苦難。「武皇開邊意未已」意指君王仍熱衷開拓邊境、擴張疆土，卻不顧百姓生計。
隨後，「君不聞漢家山東二百州，千村萬落生荊棘？」又將筆觸轉向內地：由於青壯年大量被徵走，農村荒蕪，出現荒草叢生、村落凋敝的慘淡景況。即使有婦女獨力耕作，仍然難以維持正常耕種。「被驅不異犬與雞」更以淺白尖銳的筆法指出征夫們被肆意驅使，如同畜牲一般。
最後幾句問答式的結構，將民間疾苦再次放大。士兵為避禍卻不敢抱怨，長者雖想詢問他們遭遇，但在嚴酷的軍紀下，誰也不敢真正伸訴。杜甫以「未休關西卒」收結，讓人清楚感受到唐朝持續戰事的無盡循環，也象徵百姓受苦不休的深重悲哀。
《兵車行》作為杜甫早期的代表樂府詩，結合寫實筆觸與浪漫誇張，通過鮮明的場面與痛徹人心的訴求，直接反映了當時社會問題。詩中蘊含著杜甫典型的「憂國憂民」主題，也是他被譽為「詩史」的典型作品之一。透過這首詩，我們得以窺見盛唐末期隱含的危機：軍費浩大、邊境戰爭不斷，最後造成百姓的沉重負擔與家園破敗。杜甫對此深表同情與激憤，也表明了他痛惜蒼生、反對無端兵禍的立場。
重點
此詩以車馬聲、送行圖揭開征戰悲歌，深度刻畫被迫參軍、流離邊境的征人困境；杜甫強調戰爭對農村與百姓的摧殘，凸顯他憂國憂民的濃厚情懷與對亂世的強烈批判。
