重有感 - 李商隐
迟暮秋声中的心绪沉吟
【其一】
白日相思可奈何
How can I endure such longing beneath the bright day?
正清秋节豁经过
Mid the clear autumn season, all is laid bare upon passing
江干飞尽柳花雨
By the riverbank, willow blossoms drift away like rain
池面不容荷叶波
The pond’s surface scarcely bears the rippling lotus leaves
拙宦只惭成屡退
My clumsy official post shames me: I’m often forced to withdraw
浮名仍觉负前科
Empty fame still feels like a debt from past endeavors
迩来怀抱何曾定
Lately, my heart has never found peace
时时偏似醉时多
Too often do I feel as if lost in inebriation
【其二】
自怜绿发西风里
I pity my once-youthful hair caught in the western wind
更在青门黄叶时
Again I find myself near the Blue Gate as leaves turn gold
闻道双鸾遥下影
I hear of twin phoenixes descending from afar
犹胜孤鹤强分枝
Still better than a lone crane forced to part from its bough
武昌南望多愁思
Gazing south toward Wuchang, my heart overflows with sorrow
江上谁怜白骨尸
Who pities the white bones adrift upon the river?
为报同群好鸳侣
Thus I urge those dear lovers yet together
莫辞辛苦致相知
Not to avoid the trials—remain true to each other’s hearts
李商隐的《重有感》为二首七律，诗人将深沉的离愁、宦途的失落及对自身命运的思索糅合在清秋氛围之中。首篇先以“白日相思可奈何”揭开序幕，将自我忧思与时令转换巧妙结合；“江干飞尽柳花雨”与“池面不容荷叶波”营造了萧瑟寂寥的意境，也象征了对曾经风华的追忆。“拙宦只惭成屡退”直言仕途不得志，常常退居一隅，又道出对空有虚名的惭愧之情。最后两句写出诗人心绪难定，常借微醉忘却现实，更显出对处境的无奈与迷惘。
第二首首句“自怜绿发西风里”突出了对韶华易逝的叹息，接着“更在青门黄叶时”呼应秋日黄叶、人生衰颓的气氛。中间“闻道双鸾遥下影，犹胜孤鹤强分枝”借神话意象抒写羡慕与孤独：听闻双鸾相伴的美好，终胜过孤立无援。随后“武昌南望多愁思，江上谁怜白骨尸”笔触一转，从个人愁绪过渡到对战乱或乱世中苍生无依的同情。最后“为报同群好鸳侣，莫辞辛苦致相知”既是对世人也是对自己的劝诫：既然尘世多艰，希望有情者莫要轻易放弃彼此。
两首诗在用语上温婉含蓄，却寄寓了深层的社会与个人感慨：既体现李商隐惯用的朦胧与华丽，也融入了晚唐士子对朝局不稳、人生易老的叹惋。诗句中时常出现秋景、离思、仕途顿挫等意象，折射出诗人既难以融入当时政治环境，又难以割舍心底激情的矛盾心境。正因为这层挣扎与惆怅的蕴藉表达，使《重有感》在李商隐的作品中别具韵味。
要点
1. 诗中广泛运用秋意萧瑟的意象，将季节与情感交融，强化了悲凉氛围。
2. 借双鸾、孤鹤等神话或自然意象，寓意对理想伴侣或知己的渴求和对孤独处境的叹息。
3. 诗人的失意宦途与迟暮之感相互映射，让人领悟到在晚唐动荡中个体命运的沉浮与无奈。
