进学解 - 韩愈
勸學弘道,破愚存智
國子先生晨入太學,招諸生立誨於堂:爾其無以學為戲,學非探其花,乃得其實者也。
At dawn, the instructor of the Imperial College arrives, gathering the students in the hall, saying: “Do not take study as a mere game. True learning is not about picking flowers but reaping the fruit.”
勉之期於有成,然後知不足。古人云:「博學而篤志,切問而近思」,斯乃治學之要。
He urges them toward real achievement, discovering their own deficiencies along the way. As the ancients said: “Study broadly with firm resolve; question earnestly and reflect keenly.” This is the key to mastery.
夫學者,非知之艱,而行之維艱耳。故君子貴能力行於所學者也。
Indeed, the challenge is not in knowing but in practicing what is known. Therefore, a true gentleman prizes the ability to put what he has learned into action.
夫如是,則學高德彰,器小者亦當大;斯可謂之進學。
Thus, with lofty learning comes exemplary virtue. Even one’s limited capacity may be expanded, and so one truly advances in scholarship.
《進學解》是韓愈為勸勉學子、訓示治學之道所作的散文。在文中,他以「勸學」作為核心主題,認為學習不僅止於表面知識的累積,更必須深挖其內涵並付諸行動。韓愈強調「學非探其花,乃得其實」,也就是從表象進入本質,並非只顧華麗詞藻或膚淺理解,而是要深耕思考、力行實踐。
此文同時提及古人「博學而篤志,切問而近思」的勉學方法,進一步闡釋「行之」是學問進一步昇華的關鍵:一旦明白道理、掌握知識後,若不能落實到行動上,便形同空談。韓愈在文中亦注入理想的「君子」形象,認為真正的君子重視品德的修養,更懂得用學問拓展自身的格局。
與他在「古文運動」中的其他作品類似,《進學解》文辭簡潔有力,結構清晰,顯現出他批評時弊的直接態度,也顯示他一貫的教育理念:只有不斷反思不足、持之以恆地實踐,才能真正在道德與學養上有所突破。這篇文章雖然篇幅不長,但蘊含著對教化與家國興衰的深刻關懷;期望培養出能夠「修己以安人」的士子,讓社會有源源不絕的優秀人才。
重點
《進學解》強調「知而必行」的重要性,提醒後世讀者:無論學問如何淵博,如果缺乏切實的行動與反思,依然無法達到「進學」的真諦。韓愈從中表達出對學術風氣的深切期望,希望通過嚴謹的治學和力行精神,塑造出卓越的人格與才能。