左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘 - 韩愈
![Demoted to Lan Pass, Addressed to My Nephew Xiang](https://d2vbeab8c7k2ea.cloudfront.net/1738452783_d12b774979b0821823e8.poem_liykscif_1200x1200.webp)
一身憂憤,意寄藍關
一封朝奏九重天,
A single petition reaches the throne at dawn,
夕貶潮陽路八千。
By dusk, I’m exiled to Chaoyang, eight thousand li away.
欲為聖明除弊事,
Longing to serve the wise ruler, to purge misdeeds in his realm,
肯將衰朽惜殘年!
Would I, decrepit and worn, cling vainly to my waning years?
雲橫秦嶺家何在,
Clouds span the Qinling Range—where might my home lie now?
雪擁藍關馬不前。
Snow engulfs Lan Pass, my steed cannot advance.
知汝遠來應有意,
I know you have come so far with purpose in your heart,
好收吾骨瘴江邊。
Please gather my bones someday by the miasmic river’s shore.
此詩是韓愈因諫迎佛骨之事而遭貶謫,被貶赴潮陽途中,經過藍關時所寫,並留示侄孫湘。全詩充滿憤懣與悲壯,既是詩人矢志報國、卻遭誤解的寫照,也體現他面對人生巨大挫折時的堅毅心志。
開頭「一封朝奏九重天,夕貶潮陽路八千」揭示了他剛上疏,卻瞬間受到驚人的處罰,反映唐代朝廷政治變幻無常。接著「欲為聖明除弊事,肯將衰朽惜殘年」道出他效忠朝廷、無懼生死的忠誠。當抵達藍關時,卻面臨「雪擁藍關馬不前」的絕境,也象徵了仕途的艱難與阻隔。
後兩句「知汝遠來應有意,好收吾骨瘴江邊」尤為悲壯,顯示韓愈自知此去凶多吉少,仍堅持初心,期盼侄孫能理解他之所以堅持諫言,是為了國家與道統,而非只顧個人前途。這種「以身護道」的胸懷和鋌而走險的付出,為後世所敬仰,也彰顯他清廉勇敢的文人風骨。
在文學上,韓愈以精煉、豪邁且富情感的筆觸,勾勒身處絕境而不改其志的精神面貌,使讀者能強烈感受到詩人孤軍奮戰與硬骨不屈的魅力。詩中的「雪擁藍關」「馬不前」等意象,更烘托出天地皆與他為敵的壓迫感,也令這首詩在唐代諫官文化史上留下濃重一筆。藉由此詩,我們能體會韓愈在盛唐末期對道統與朝綱的堅守,也感受他作為士大夫不惜以個人命途換取正義發聲的深厚膽氣。
重點
韓愈以這首詩表達他勇諫而被貶的悲憤心情,以及無論身遭何境也不改的忠義之情。對後世而言,詩中「一封朝奏」到「雪擁藍關」的劇烈轉折,不僅反映了古代政治的風波險惡,也啟示人們要堅守正道、無懼強權,方能彰顯理想與節操。