「失樂園(第十一卷)」※ 探討《失樂園》中神意、墮落與救贖的深刻寓意 ※ 經典名詩

A dramatic scene showing Adam and Eve standing outside the gates of Eden, looking back at the lush garden with sorrowful expressions. The gate is guarded by a fiery angel wielding a sword, symbolizing their permanent exile. In the background, rays of sunlight break through stormy clouds, representing hope amidst despair.

Paradise Lost (Book 11) - John Milton

失樂園(第十一卷) - 約翰·彌爾頓

神與人的對話:重尋失落的恩典

Of Man's first disobedience, and the fruit
人之初次違命,與那果實
Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste
禁樹之味,嘗之則死
Brought death into the World, and all our woe,
將死亡帶入世界,並一切悲痛,
With loss of Eden, till one greater Man
失去伊甸,直至一位更偉大的人
Restore us, and regain the blissful seat,
恢復我們,重獲幸福之地,
Sing, Heavenly Muse, that, on the secret top
歌唱吧,天國的繆斯,那隱秘之巔
Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire
俄雷布或西奈,你曾啟發
That shepherd who first taught the chosen seed
那位牧羊人,他首先教導選民
In the beginning how the heavens and earth
起初如何天地
Rose out of Chaos: or, if Sion hill
從混沌中升起:或者,若錫安山
Delight thee more, and Siloa's brook that flowed
更令你喜悅,和那流經
Fast by the oracle of God, I thence
上帝神諭旁的西羅亞溪,我由此
Invoke thy aid to my adventurous song,
祈求你助我的冒險之歌,
That with no middle flight intends to soar
不以中等飛翔意圖高飛
Above th' Aonian mount, while it pursues
超越埃俄尼亞山,當它追尋
Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.
散文或韻文中未曾嘗試之事。
And chiefly Thou, O Spirit, that dost prefer
尤其是你,哦靈魂,你更傾向於
Before all temples the upright heart and pure,
所有廟宇之前的正直與純淨之心,
Instruct me, for Thou know'st; Thou from the first
指導我,因為你知道;自最初
Wast present, and, with mighty wings outspread,
你就存在,並展開強大翅膀,
Dove-like sat’st brooding on the vast abyss,
如鴿子般坐著孵化在巨大深淵上,
And mad'st it pregnant: what in Thy holy writ
使它孕育:在你的聖書中
By Thee created, or in vision shown,
由你創造,或在異象中顯現,
Or heard in secret by Thy faithful seer,
或由你忠誠的先知秘密聽到,
Teach me, so shall I dare this high attempt,
教導我,這樣我就敢這崇高嘗試,
Climbing the heavens, and through the wide expanse
攀登天堂,並穿越廣闊空間
Of the blue firmament, explore each star,
藍色蒼穹,探索每顆星星,
Each planet, and each orb that wheels unseen,
每個行星,和每個看不見旋轉的球體,
Till I descry where haply mortals dwell,
直到我看見凡人可能居住的地方,
Fenced by celestial guards, and favored seats
受天界守護,並受寵的座位
Of deities, amidst ambrosial groves,
眾神之中,處於甘露林間,
And flowery meads, with living sapphires paved,
和花田草地,鋪滿活生生的藍寶石,
And jasper paths; there let my song arrive,
和碧玉小徑;讓我的歌到達那裡,
And be its welcome such as suits a theme
並受到歡迎,適合一主題
So far brought forth through peril and through toil.
如此遠距離帶來通過危險和辛勞。
Say first—for Heaven hides nothing from thy view,
首先說——因天堂對你視野無所隱藏,
Nor the deep tract of Hell—say first what cause
也非地獄的深邃區域——首先說什麼原因
Moved our grand parents, in that happy state,
促使我們的始祖,在那幸福狀態中,
Favored of Heaven so highly, to fall off
被天堂高度眷顧,卻背離
From their Creator, and transgress His will
他們的造物主,並違背祂旨意
For one restraint, lords of the World besides.
僅因一個限制,否則世界的主宰。
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?
誰首先引誘他們進行那卑劣叛變?
Th' infernal Serpent; he it was whose guile,
地獄的蛇;他的詭計,
Stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived
激起嫉妒和報復,欺騙了
The mother of mankind, what time his pride
人類之母,何時他的驕傲
Had cast him out from Heaven, with all his host
已將他逐出天堂,連同他的全部軍隊
Of rebel angels, by whose aid, aspiring
反叛天使,藉其幫助,渴望
To set himself in glory above his peers,
自己榮耀凌駕於同伴之上,
He trusted to have equalled the Most High,
他相信能與至高者相等,
If he opposed; and with ambitious aim
如果他反抗;並懷抱野心目的
Against the throne and monarchy of God,
對抗上帝的王座與君權,
Raised impious war in Heaven and battle proud,
在天堂挑起褻瀆戰爭和驕傲戰鬥,
With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power
徒勞嘗試。全能的力量將他
Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky,
頭朝下燃燒著拋出天際,
With hideous ruin and combustion, down
伴隨可怕的毀滅和燃燒,落下
To bottomless perdition, there to dwell
到無底的毀滅,永居於此
In adamantine chains and penal fire,
在堅不可摧的鎖鏈和懲罰之火中,
Who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms.
膽敢挑戰全能者投入戰鬥的人。
Nine times the space that measures day and night
九倍於衡量晝夜的空間
To mortal men, he, with his horrid crew,
對於凡人,他與他那可怕的隊伍,
Lay vanquished, rolling in the fiery gulf,
被擊敗了,滾落在火紅的深混中,
Confounded, though immortal. But his doom
儘管永生,卻困惑不已。但他的命運
Reserved him to more wrath; for now the thought
為他保留了更多的憤怒;因為此時的想法
Both of lost happiness and lasting pain
既失去了幸福,又承受著持久的痛苦
Torments him: round he throws his baleful eyes,
折磨著他:他環顧四周,投出兇惡的目光,
That witnessed huge affliction and dismay,
目睹了巨大的痛苦和驚慌,
Mixed with obdurate pride and steadfast hate.
混雜著頑固的驕傲和堅定的仇恨。
At once, as far as angels ken, he views
一瞬間,天使所見之遙遠,他看到了
The dismal situation waste and wild:
荒涼的情景,荒蕪而狂野:
A dungeon horrible, on all sides round,
一座可怕的地牢,四面八方圍繞,
As one great furnace flamed; yet from those flames
如一個巨大的熔爐燃燒;然而從那些火焰中
No light, but rather darkness visible
沒有光明,只有可見的黑暗
Served only to discover sights of woe,
僅僅用來揭示悲慘的景象,
Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace
哀傷的地區,陰沉的影子,和平
And rest can never dwell, hope never comes
與安息永遠無法居住,希望永遠不會到來
That comes to all; but torture without end
那是對所有人的;但無盡的折磨
Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed
仍然在催促,以及一場火紅的洪流,被供養
With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed.
以永不熄滅的硫磺。
Such place Eternal Justice had prepared
這樣的地方,是永恆的正義所準備的
For those rebellious; here their prison ordained
給那些反叛者;這裡是他們注定的監獄
In utter darkness, and their portion set,
在完全的黑暗中,他們的份額已定,
As far removed from God and light of Heaven
遠離上帝和天國的光
As from the center thrice to the utmost pole.
如同從中心三次到最遠的極點。
Oh, how unlike the place from whence they fell!
哦,這地方多麼不像他們墮落之處!
There the companions of his fall, o'erwhelmed
那裡有他墮落的同伴,被淹沒
With floods and whirlwinds of tempestuous fire,
在洪水和旋風般的烈焰之中,
He soon discerns, and, weltering by his side,
他很快辨認出來,並且在他身旁翻滾,
One next himself in power, and next in crime,
一位與他權力相等,罪行次之的人,
Long after known in Palestine, and named
後來在巴勒斯坦被人所知,並命名
Beelzebub. To whom the Arch-fiend spoke:
別西卜。魔王對他說道:
“Is this the region, this the soil, the clime,
「這就是那個地區,這個土壤,這個氣候,
Said then the lost Archangel, “this the seat
墮落的大天使接著說:「這就是那個位置
That we must change for Heaven?—this mournful gloom
我們必須用天堂來交換嗎?——這悲哀的陰暗
For that celestial light? Be it so, since He
換取那天上的光明嗎?如果是這樣,既然祂
Who now is sovereign can dispose and bid
如今是至高無上的,可以安排並命令
What shall be right: farthest from Him is best,
什麼是正確的:離祂最遠的就是最好的,
Whom reason hath equalled, force hath made supreme
理性使祂平等,力量使祂至高無上
Above his equals. Farewell, happy fields,
超越他的同輩。再見了,幸福的田野,
Where joy forever dwells! Hail, horrors! hail,
那裡的喜悅永遠停留!致敬,恐怖!致敬,
Infernal world! and thou, profoundest Hell,
地獄世界!還有你,最深邃的地獄,
Receive thy new possessor—one who brings
接受你的新主人——一個帶來
A mind not to be changed by place or time.
不受地點或時間改變的心智。
The mind is its own place, and in itself
心智自有其所在,且在其自身
Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven.
能把地獄變成天堂,把天堂變成地獄。
What matter where, if I be still the same,
在哪裡又有何妨,如果我依然如故,
And what I should be, all but less than he
而且我應該是,除了比他
Whom thunder hath made greater? Here at least
雷霆使更偉大的?至少在這裡
We shall be free; the Almighty hath not built
我們將是自由的;全能者並未建造
Here for His envy, will not drive us hence:
這裡出於嫉妒,也不會驅逐我們:
Here we may reign secure; and, in my choice,
在這裡我們可以安全地統治;並且,在我的選擇中,
To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell:
統治是值得野心的,即使是在地獄:
Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.
寧願在地獄中統治,也不願在天堂中服侍。
But wherefore let we then our faithful friends,
但為什麼讓我們忠實的朋友,
The associates and co-partners of our loss,
我們損失的同伴與合夥人,
Lie thus astonished on the oblivious pool,
如此驚愕地躺在遺忘之池上,
And call them not to share with us their part
不叫他們來分享他們的部分
In this unhappy mansion, or once more
在這不幸的住所,或者再次
With rallied arms to try what may be yet
集結武器來嘗試可能的結果
Regained in Heaven, or what more lost in Hell?“
在天堂重獲,或在地獄失去更多?」

詩歌詳解:《失樂園(第十一卷)》-約翰·彌爾頓

約翰·彌爾頓的《失樂園》是一部史詩般的文學作品,探討了人類墮落、罪惡與救贖等深刻主題。本段選自第十一卷,主要描述撒旦如何引誘亞當和夏娃違背上帝的旨意,以及他們因此被逐出伊甸園的過程。

第一部分:序言與創作動機

詩歌開篇便提到「人的第一次不順服」,並指出這是由於吃了禁果而導致死亡進入世界,給全人類帶來苦難。彌爾頓祈求天上的繆斯賜予靈感,幫助他完成這首雄心勃勃的詩篇。他希望自己的作品能夠超越以往任何散文或韻文的嘗試,達到前所未有的高度。

  • 禁果象徵: 禁果代表了人類對知識的渴望,但同時也揭示了違抗神命所帶來的代價。
  • 創作動機: 彌爾頓呼喚聖靈指引,表達自己想通過詩歌探索宇宙奧秘的決心。
第二部分:撒旦的墮落與地獄景象

接著,詩中轉向描述撒旦及其追隨者因叛亂而被逐出天堂的情景。彌爾頓生動地描繪了地獄的恐怖環境,並將其與天堂的美好形成鮮明對比。

  • 撒旦的驕傲: 撒旦因嫉妒和報復心理,企圖挑戰上帝的權威,最終導致他和他的天使軍團墮入地獄。
  • 地獄的描述: 地獄被形容為一片荒涼、黑暗且充滿痛苦的地方,完全沒有和平與希望。
值得注意的是,彌爾頓使用大量比喻和細膩的語言來增強讀者對地獄恐懼的感受。
第三部分:撒旦的演說與反抗精神

在這一部分,撒旦發表了一段著名的演說,宣稱即使身處地獄,他仍然保持自由,並且認為統治地獄比服侍天堂更值得追求。

  • 自由意志: 撒旦認為心智是獨立的,可以將地獄變成天堂,也可以將天堂變成地獄。
  • 反抗精神: 他鼓勵同伴們不要放棄鬥爭,而是應該重新集結力量,尋找機會奪回失去的一切。
這段話反映了彌爾頓對於個人意志和反抗壓迫的重視,同時也暗示了人類內心深處對於自由的渴求。
總結

整體而言,《失樂園》不僅僅是一個宗教故事,它還包含了哲學、政治和道德層面的思考。彌爾頓通過豐富的想像力和精湛的文字技巧,成功地將複雜的主題融入到詩歌之中,使讀者既能感受到宏大的史詩氣氛,又能深入思考人性與信仰之間的關係。

這首詩提醒我們,無論面對多大的困難和挑戰,都應該堅持正義和真理,因為只有這樣才能真正獲得靈魂的自由。

重點

彌爾頓透過宏大的史詩筆法,刻畫了亞當與夏娃被逐出伊甸園後的內心掙扎,揭示人類因自由意志而犯錯卻仍可仰望救贖的希望;本書強調信仰與悔改的力量,並以神的慈悲為核心主題,引導讀者反思罪惡本質及靈魂重建之路。

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