Goodfriday 1613 Riding Westward - John Donne
在耶稣受难日（1613年）西行 - 约翰·多恩
身心逆旅：罪疚与圣爱交织的朝向
Let man’s soul be a sphere, and then, in this
愿人之灵魂如同天体，而在此之间，
The intelligence that moves, devotion is,
令其运转的本质，便是虔敬之心；
And as the other spheres, by being grown
如同诸天体日益膨胀，
Subject to foreign motions, lose their own,
受外力牵引而渐失自身轨道，
And being by others hurried every day,
每日皆被异力驱逐，匆匆不由己，
Scarce in a year their natural form obey;
难得依循那原本的天职，一年也难有片刻；
Pleasure or business, so, our souls admit
人生乐趣或俗务，亦同此理，侵染我等灵魂，
For their first mover, and are whirled by it.
使之背离初衷，随波逐流。
Hence is’t, that I am carried towards the west
故而此刻，我身向西行，
This day, when my soul’s form bends to the east.
而今日，我的灵魂却本应朝向东边的圣地。
There I should see a sun, by rising set,
本该目睹那日头，虽升亦坠，
And by that setting endless day beget;
然其“落没”却孕育无尽之光明；
But that Christ on this cross did rise and fall,
因基督于十字架上升而又降，
Sin had eternally benighted all.
否则罪孽将无尽地笼罩黑暗于众生。
Yet dare I almost be glad, I do not see
我却几近欣慰，幸未亲见，
That spectacle of too much weight for me.
那超越我所能承受的重负与景象；
Who sees God’s face, that is self life, must die
观见上帝之真容（生命本源）者必将灭亡，
What a death were it then to see God die?
则若见上帝受死，其冲击又何其毁灭？
It made his own lieutenant, Nature, shrink,
此幕令他的副手——大自然，也畏缩颤抖，
It made his footstool crack, and the sun wink.
令其脚凳崩裂，太阳蒙目不敢直视。
Could I behold those hands which span the poles
我若直面那双撑天地极的圣手，
And tune all spheres at once, pierced with those holes?
同时谐定诸天旋律，却被钉洞穿，岂能不惊骇？
Could I behold that endless height which is
或若直观那原本无尽崇高之位，
Zenith to us, and our antipodes,
乃我等天顶与对跖点，却坠入尘埃，
Humbled below us? Or that blood which is
又怎能目视那原该高亢的血液，
The seat of all our souls, if not of his,
若非上帝所属，便是我等魂之所栖，
Make dirt of dust, or that flesh which was worn
却化尘归土？抑或那具先前被披戴的血肉，
By God, for his apparel, ragged and torn?
乃上帝的衣裳，如今竟破裂成丝缕？
If on these things I durst not look, durst I
若此种景象我不敢直视，我是否还敢
On his distressed mother cast mine eye,
将目光投向他悲痛欲绝的母亲，
Who was God’s partner here, and furnished thus
她于世间与神共担痛苦，也因此滋养了
Half of that sacrifice which ransomed us?
拯救我等灵魂的那半份祭献？
Though these things, as I ride, be from mine eye,
尽管我骑行向西，此景无缘目睹，
They’re present yet unto my memory,
但它们依旧在我记忆深处清晰呈现，
For that looks towards them; and thou look’st towards me,
因我的心思向其流连，而你亦回顾我，
O Saviour, as thou hang’st upon the tree.
噢，救主，你悬于十字架时也正凝视我。
I turn my back to thee but to receive
我背对你，只是为了迎受你，
Corrections, till thy mercies bid thee leave.
接受惩戒，直至你的慈悲让我停下悔改之步。
O think me worth thine anger; punish me;
愿你视我为值得你烈怒之人；惩戒我，
Burn off my rusts and my deformity;
焚尽我的锈垢与丑态，
Restore thine image, so much, by thy grace,
藉你恩典重塑你的形象，
That thou may’st know me, and I’ll turn my face.
使你能认出我，而我也将再次向你转身。
《在耶稣受难日（1613年）西行》是约翰·多恩在一次旅途中（1613年4月2日，即耶稣受难日）写下的宗教冥想诗。全诗以“身向西行”与“心向东方（耶路撒冷）”为对比，映射作者在尘世俗务与宗教虔敬之间的矛盾心境。
耶稣受难日对基督徒而言象征苦难与救赎的交织。多恩却在此日“背离”了象征耶稣受难的东方，让灵魂在罪愧与对神的渴慕间左右拉扯。他借天文学意象——“灵魂如同天体，原本应以虔诚运转”，却因人性的贪恋与外界的扰动而偏离。这样的宏大对比，正是玄学派诗歌所擅长的手法：将个体旅程和宇宙观、神学观巧妙融合。
诗人想象自己若能亲眼目睹基督钉十字架之景象，恐怕无法承受那悲怆与神圣的巨大冲击；同时，他也意识到，上帝的恩典有时需要透过“痛苦”或“惩戒”来燃尽灵魂的锈斑，帮助他回归“神之形象”。结尾两行彰显了多恩对信仰与悔改的领悟：愿神的愤怒焚尽他身上的黑暗，以致他能重新转向神，不再“背对”救主。
在文艺复兴末期的英格兰宗教氛围下，这首诗鲜明地呈现了多恩的“对抗”与“顺服”并存：对抗的是世俗的羁绊与灵魂的疏离，顺服的则是基督十字架带来的震撼与恩典。它兼具思辨与抒情，既有对“上帝受死”时天地变色的神学惊叹，也有私人内心对罪疚的袒露与渴望救赎的热忱。纵观此作，读者能深切体会多恩在受难日的旅途上虽身向西行，心却仍在灵性之东方，守望十字架的光辉与慈悲。
要点
• 诗歌以“身向西行、心向东望”对比，暗示人在尘世与神圣之间的拉扯。
• 借天文学与神学隐喻，揭示灵魂脱离正轨、渴望归于基督救赎的矛盾心态。
• 作品核心在于对十字架之震撼的冥想：若信徒真正直面基督苦难，会在悔罪与恩典中获得深刻的灵魂转变。
