乌衣巷 - 刘禹锡
Wuyi Lane - Liu Yuxi
乌衣巷 - 刘禹锡
Wuyi Lane - Liu Yuxi
“Wuyi Lane” (《乌衣巷》) is a famous poem by Liu Yuxi (772–842), a Tang dynasty scholar-official and literary master known for weaving social observation and personal sentiment into just a few lines. The poem addresses the passage of time and shifting fortunes through a single, iconic location—Wuyi Lane in the city of Nanjing.
**Context and Imagery**
Nanjing (historically known as Jiankang or Jianye) was once home to the illustrious Wang and Xie families, two of the most prominent aristocratic lineages during the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4th–5th centuries). Their lavish mansions—and the noble gatherings held there—embodied a bygone era of wealth, culture, and refined taste. By Liu Yuxi’s time, centuries later, signs of these families’ grandeur had largely faded, replaced by the humbler abodes of commoners.
In just four lines, the poet achieves a powerful reflection on impermanence:
- **Zhuque Bridge**: In earlier dynasties, this bridge would have been synonymous with imperial grandeur. Now it sits beside ‘wild grasses’ that quietly remind us of nature’s reclamation of once-majestic sites.
- **Wuyi Lane**: Once the privileged quarter where the Wang and Xie families resided, it remains recognizable only by name in Liu Yuxi’s day—its most luxurious days are over.
- **Swallows**: These birds, which once nested in aristocratic hallways, are an eloquent metaphor for changing fortunes. Their flight into ‘ordinary folk’ homes underscores how status is far from permanent.
**Themes**
1. **Transience of Human Glory**: The poem gently suggests that wealth and prestige, no matter how grand, eventually dissolve into history, leaving little more than a memory.
2. **Nature’s Quiet Persistence**: The mention of wild grasses points to nature’s power to outlast the works and distinctions of mankind. The same setting endures across dynasties.
3. **Equality Over Time**: The swallows that once belonged to noble households now take up residence among commoners, symbolizing a leveling effect of history. Even the highest families cannot escape change.
**Relevance**
For modern audiences, “Wuyi Lane” remains a resonant meditation on how quickly life’s certainties can fade. In an age where empires and fortunes can rise and fall with startling speed, the poem’s four lines remind us that status and grandeur are no match for the patient unfolding of time.
**Style and Structure**
True to the jueju (quatrain) form of Tang poetry, “Wuyi Lane” attains a vivid atmospheric effect in only four lines. Liu Yuxi’s language is direct yet laden with allusions—an approach typical of Tang poetry, which prizes compressed expression and layers of cultural reference.
**Connection to Liu Yuxi**
Liu Yuxi himself experienced numerous ups and downs in official life—repeatedly exiled from the court, then recalled, then banished again. His poetry often reflects these reversals, focusing on themes of impermanence, resilience, and quiet resolve. “Wuyi Lane,” in particular, distills his wisdom about time’s transforming power.
Ultimately, the poem’s gentle nostalgia and understated profundity have made it one of the most beloved short pieces in the Chinese poetic tradition. Centuries after its composition, the lane itself may have changed names or undergone modern development, but the poem endures—a cultural testament that what rises high in one era may, in due course, settle into the ordinary life of another.
• Emphasizes how social prestige and opulence are subject to time’s erosion.
• Contrasts once-noble mansions with the present simplicity, represented by ‘wild grasses.’
• Deploys the image of swallows shifting their nesting from grand halls to common homes to show changing fortunes.
• Offers an enduring lesson that history naturally reshapes even the most exalted places.
Even in translation, you can sense a sorrowful undercurrent: the poet quietly laments the ephemeral nature of wealth and status. Each verse is a soft question about how quickly life’s stages pass into memory.
It’s beautiful and haunting how every glimmer of memory in ‘乌衣巷’ reveals the poet’s acceptance of impermanence—a universal truth that still confronts us in every empty building and silent street we pass by today.
Short but deep: each phrase holds the echo of lofty mansions now deserted, highlighting that once-prominent places can swiftly fade to hushed shadows.
There’s a modern parallel in how older neighborhoods gentrify or get abandoned—like once-thriving downtowns overshadowed by new developments. ‘乌衣巷’ reminds us that such transformations are hardly new; time and shifting fortunes have always reshaped communities, leaving behind a silent tapestry of memory.
I picture a dimly lit street with old, weathered buildings—like certain urban districts today where families have relocated, and the once-bustling roads now lie softly abandoned. That silent transformation resonates with how ‘乌衣巷’ captures the swift shift from grandeur to emptiness.
This poem’s wistful tone reminds me of Li Bai’s nostalgic glances at old capitals, though Liu Yuxi’s approach is quieter and more melancholy. Where Li Bai might celebrate a city’s past glories with a hint of lingering revelry, Liu Yuxi dwells on the hush left behind by departing families, underscoring the poignant inevitability of change.
The hush in the poem suggests that while walls can endure, the stories that filled them drift away with each passing year, leaving only the poet’s wistful reflection as testimony.
I love how each line underscores the subtle heartbreak of vanishing legacies, giving voice to the unspoken regrets of a generation that grew up in bustling alleys now deserted.
A short note: reading it feels like running fingers over a faint footprint in dust—knowing someone once stood there, but all that remains is a gentle mark about to be wiped clean.
A gentle hush flows through every line, as if each memory echoes from the silent walls of a vanished era.
A sense of gentle longing slips through each stanza, suggesting the poet not only mourns the city’s faded splendor but also a piece of his own heart buried in that hush.
Sometimes the poem feels like stepping into a courtyard filled with echoes of laughter that have long since faded, a space haunted by the gentle footprints of those who once thrived there.
Long reflection: it’s like entering a dream of old acquaintances suddenly gone. The poem barely raises its voice; it doesn’t need to. Instead, each measured phrase quietly insists that all we build—homes, reputations, entire communities—can dissipate into a single hush. Liu Yuxi’s gift is to capture that hush and preserve it in a poem, a lasting echo that resonates across centuries to remind us that change is the only constant. If we listen close, we might still hear footsteps in deserted corridors, faint reminders that once, this place thrived with voices and life.
Compared again with Du Fu’s lamentations of ruined cities, Liu Yuxi’s view is calmer, more personal—a quiet hush rather than a raw outcry. Both, however, highlight how quickly human glory collapses under time’s weight.
A middle reflection: it’s not anger or despair, but a measured, mournful acceptance that even the proudest mansions slip into stillness, leaving behind only the poet’s quiet sigh.
When I think about present-day images of abandoned malls or once-bustling industrial towns, I sense the same gentle lament that ‘乌衣巷’ expresses—how a place’s significance can dissolve, transforming lively commerce into mere echoes in empty hallways.
Compared to Liu Yuxi’s own ‘陋室铭,’ which takes pride in the simplicity of a modest home, this piece shows a grander setting turned vacant, revealing the fleeting nature of human endeavors in the face of time’s relentless flow.