[Poem] FAREWELL TO MENG DONGYE: A PROSE PREFACE - A Brief Reflection on Han Yu’s Prose and Meaning

Farewell to Meng Dongye: A Prose Preface

送孟东野序 - 韩愈

Farewell to Meng Dongye: A Prose Preface - Han Yu

On Poetic Impulse and Genuine Camaraderie

大凡物不得其平則鳴。
In general, when anything fails to achieve equilibrium, it will cry out.

人之氣有所抑鬱,不得通則發於言。
When a person’s vital energy is suppressed and cannot flow freely, it finds release in speech.

言之不足,則嗟嘆之;嗟嘆之不足,則歌詠之;歌詠之不足,則手之舞之,足之蹈之也。
If speech is not enough, one sighs; if sighing is still insufficient, one sings; if singing cannot exhaust it, then the hands begin to dance and the feet to stamp.

然天地之間,不能自鳴,託其鳴於人;人不得不與天地相應。
Now, Heaven and Earth themselves cannot directly cry out, so they entrust that cry to humankind; thus, people cannot help but resonate with Heaven and Earth.

使其鬱積之氣激盪於中,必不能自遏;激盪於外,亦不能自已。
When pent-up energy surges within, there is no restraining it; once stirred outwardly, there is no containing it.

故古之作者,其言皆有所迫,未嘗苟然也。
Hence, in ancient times, those who wrote were compelled by circumstance—never resorting to words without true necessity.

孟東野者,吾之故人也,氣骨清峻,辭彩凜冽,然宦游漂泊,畏途多阻。
Meng Dongye is an old friend of mine: his spirit is lofty, his expressions are crisp, yet he travels far in official posts, beset by countless difficulties.

故其歌詠,往往激切淒惋,如金石撞擊,聲震人耳。
Thus, his songs and verses often strike a sharp and plaintive chord, clashing like metal and stone, echoing in one’s ears.

今孟東野既抵我處,復將遠去,余是以爲序,以見其意之所從出也。
Now that Meng Dongye has arrived where I reside and is soon to depart again, I compose this preface to show the origin of his heartfelt expressions.

Han Yu’s “Farewell to Meng Dongye: A Prose Preface” (《送孟东野序》) is both a tribute to his friend Meng Jiao (styled as Meng Dongye) and a concise statement on the nature of literary composition. Drawing on the classical idea that poetry and expressive writing flow naturally from strong emotional impulses, Han Yu argues that people create art when they cannot otherwise vent their deep-seated feelings.

He begins with a sweeping generalization: anything in the universe that is unsettled will inevitably ‘cry out.’ This principle, he suggests, applies to human beings just as it does to nature. When a person’s inner energies are stifled, it compels them to speak, sigh, sing, or even dance to achieve emotional release. Literature and poetry, then, become powerful forms of catharsis—vehicles for transforming inner tension into artistic expression.

Within this philosophical framework, Han Yu introduces his friend Meng Dongye, whose life of wandering official service frequently traps him in circumstances where his heartfelt emotions cannot otherwise find easy resolution. As a result, the intensity of Meng’s poems—likened by Han Yu to the sound of metal striking stone—resonates with poignancy and ferocity. In praising his friend, Han Yu also underscores the broader Confucian and literary tradition that prizes sincerity, emotional depth, and moral conviction.

Significantly, Han Yu situates writing within the grand order of Heaven and Earth. Because the cosmos itself does not speak, it entrusts this ‘cry’ to humanity. Thus, in his view, those who produce genuine artistic works do so under a kind of cosmic mandate, compelled by the world they inhabit and the personal struggles they endure. The inclusion of nature and universal forces elevates the significance of literature, reinforcing how poetry can unite human emotion with the larger moral and spiritual fabric of existence.

Ultimately, Han Yu’s preface stands as a call for sincerity and profundity in writing. Rather than writing ‘casually’ or ‘artificially,’ one should write only when an inner prompting forces words to emerge. By extolling Meng Jiao’s poetic labors, Han Yu extols the virtues of committed expression—poetry shaped by real hardship and genuine longing. For modern readers, this preface exemplifies a timeless principle: authentic art and literature often arise from life’s trials, heartbreaks, and joys, giving voice to that which cannot remain silent.

Key points

• Literature, according to Han Yu, arises from strong emotional impulses that cannot be otherwise contained.
• Poetry and expressive writing connect people with the natural forces of Heaven and Earth.
• Han Yu celebrates Meng Dongye’s work as sincere, intense, and born of real-life difficulties.
• Authentic creation, in the Confucian worldview, aligns moral conviction with heartfelt expression.

Comments
  • Calm Pink Owl Nest

    There’s no flamboyant farewell feast described—just the polished clarity of thoughtful words. It’s as if language itself becomes the feast, nourishing the heart in the final hours of closeness.

  • Silent Blue Shark

    In the end, it leaves behind a sense of calm determination—parting can be sad, but also an affirmation that friendship and respect remain resilient across distances and time.

  • RadiumSpar

    Compared to Han Yu’s ‘谏迎佛骨表,’ which confronts imperial religious excess, ‘送孟东野序’ is gentler, focusing on the private sphere of friendship and shared journeys, instead of public debate and controversy.

  • Wild Pink Cow Barn

    Sometimes, the poem’s quiet acceptance feels like the hush after a long conversation that has to end—heartfelt, calm, though brimming with unspoken emotion.

  • Gritty Gator

    Reading it, I’m struck by how mutual respect underpins each phrase, as if both men recognized something profound in each other’s character.

  • Light Arrow

    Its calm, reflective mood is reminiscent of an old friend placing a hand on your shoulder, imparting final words of wisdom before you step into the unknown.

  • Thunder Hawk

    In a time of global migration, people often wave farewell to loved ones at airports or train stations, uncertain when or if they’ll meet again. This sequence of gentle parting words echoes that universal scene with timeless resonance.

  • Silent Gold Eagle

    The lines hint that separation may not be a full stop, but a pause in the shared narrative of two scholars bound by convictions and memories.

  • Swift Red Ant Den

    It’s a testament to how words, chosen and shaped with intention, can transform a moment of loss into a stepping stone of mutual encouragement.

  • Fierce Neon Owl Nest

    In today’s world of endless travel and virtual connections, this piece still resonates. People might relocate across continents, yet the fundamental ache and excitement of goodbye remains the same.

  • Crimson Eagle

    The writing style never rushes, letting each phrase settle like a quiet footstep on a forest trail, mindful that every step draws the two companions closer to the moment of departure.

  • Storm Eagle

    A short comment: each word lands with the soft weight of a final handshake—firm but tender, acknowledging a bond that endures even if people must part ways.

  • Majestic Leopard

    I admire how each phrase quietly affirms the friend’s virtues, almost as a final testament of character before the roads slip apart.

  • Thunder Hawk

    At times, I think of modern farewell gatherings where friends share recollections before someone moves across the country or starts a new job. That mix of celebration and wistfulness finds its echo in Han Yu’s lines.

  • Celestial Cyber Rhythm

    Reading it feels like standing on a riverside at dusk, watching a close companion drift away on a boat, aware that the separation carries a gentle ache and a quiet hope for the future.

  • Walter

    I’m reminded of stories about modern digital nomads. People gather in coworking spaces across the globe, forming transient bonds. Han Yu’s affectionate send-off resonates with how we still exchange heartfelt farewells with those who continue on different paths.

  • CyberFalco

    There’s a subdued humility in this text, too—no grand boasting, just heartfelt praise for a friend’s character and hopes for his next chapter.

  • Savage Raptor

    The text highlights the quiet dignity of letting someone go free, trusting in their ability to find their path without overshadowing them with too much sorrow.

  • Calm Gray Owl Nest

    A subtle theme arises: parting is not an end but a metamorphosis of friendship, suggesting the poet trusts that each will continue to grow, shaped by shared memories.

  • Sharp White Hawk

    I love how it demonstrates that not every farewell must be drenched in tears or dramatic flair. A measured, sincere tribute can carry equal depth, possibly even more lasting impact.

  • Brave Blue Lion

    Comparing it to Han Yu’s ‘山石,’ which depicts the steadfastness of nature, I find a shared undercurrent of quiet perseverance. One focuses on the stoic endurance of rocks, the other on the steadfast bond of friendship, but both exude a calm acceptance of life’s flows.

  • Radiant Cyber Echo

    There’s a closeness that transcends physical distance. Even as Meng Dongye leaves, the poem suggests a spiritual bond remains, bridging the gap with abiding respect.

  • Sly Weasel

    Although it’s called a ‘序,’ it reads more like a heartfelt letter—formal, yet pulsing with the personal tenderness of a sincere goodbye.

  • Crimson Eagle

    A short reflection: it’s a comforting reminder that no matter how far we roam, genuine connections remain, nurtured by mutual regard and common aspirations.

  • Electric Aura

    A warm current runs through each sentence, hinting at more than just a farewell—it’s a heartfelt tribute to shared ideals.

  • GoldenBlad

    Compared to Li Shangyin’s cryptic lines of longing and parting, Han Yu’s language is more straightforward, focusing on moral and emotional clarity. Both, however, capture the human heart caught in the shift from closeness to distance.

  • Savage Piranha

    The sincerity behind each sentence feels almost tangible, as if you can see the poet’s careful choice of words to honor the friend without slipping into melodrama.

  • Primal Spark

    In the modern realm of social media, we see people posting heartfelt tributes when friends relocate or embark on fresh adventures. The same sense of longing and admiration glimmers in Han Yu’s words.

  • Dark Knight

    I love how the piece avoids heavy lament—rather, it suggests that parting can feed personal growth, as though each friend takes a piece of the other’s spirit with them.

  • Arctic Meteor

    Sometimes, reading it feels like hearing the gentle strum of a guqin in the background—steady, reflective, underscoring the subdued heartbreak of parting.

  • RogueNight

    If I compare it to Du Fu’s heartbreaking laments about parted friends in wartime, ‘送孟东野序’ has a softer, more hopeful hue. Where Du Fu weeps at forced separations and turmoil, Han Yu maintains calm faith in the journey’s worth.

  • Wild Gold Lion

    In a modern context, it makes me think of the thoughtful farewell speeches colleagues give to a respected coworker—complete with anecdotes, admiration, and the slightest catch in the throat at final goodbyes.

  • NovaGenesi

    I picture Han Yu concluding the piece with a slight bow, the twilight sky behind him, as the departing figure fades down a winding road, carrying those words like a guiding lantern.

  • Keen Blue Bee Barn

    Compared with Li Bai’s spirited farewell poems, where wine and wild imagery often swirl around the departing friend, Han Yu’s approach is steadier, emphasizing thoughtful reflection and moral encouragement rather than exuberant partying.

  • Silent Knight

    What impresses me is the equilibrium—there’s sadness, yes, but also a gentle conviction that parting is part of destiny’s pattern, not an irreparable loss.

  • Solar Knight

    Han Yu’s subtlety allows the sorrow of departure to coexist with gratitude, merging into a gentle orchestration of feelings that remind us of our own experiences of saying goodbye.

  • PhotonRide

    Though centuries separate us, the human ache of bidding farewell to a dear friend remains unchanged—this piece underscores the timelessness of such moments.

  • Epic Neon Wave

    A brief impression: the text glows like a lamp in the twilight, a bright moment of companionship against the looming separation of roads untaken.

  • Furious Mustang

    You can almost see the poet’s eyes shining with both regret at the departure and hope that Meng Dongye’s future might be brilliant—even if their roads now diverge.

  • Cosmic Dawn

    It has a slow, measured tone, like a teacher carefully handing over final lessons, brimming with gentle pride and a dash of lingering sorrow.

  • Lively Mole

    There's a steady balance of respect and genuine fondness here, as though Han Yu can’t quite let a true friend vanish without a parting gift of words.

  • Cyber Dream

    It’s almost like a gentle flame passing from one lantern to another: the poet ensures his friend carries the warmth of their shared experiences into future travels.

  • Dark Arrow

    Sometimes, it reminds me of the farewell notes graduates exchange before scattering to chase careers in different cities—poignant, subdued, but threaded with optimism for what lies ahead.

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