「失樂園(第一卷)」※ 史詩鉅作《失樂園》開篇,描繪撒旦反叛上帝後被逐出天堂的悲壯情景。 ※ 經典名詩

A dramatic scene depicting Satan falling from heaven into a dark abyss, with fiery clouds and chaos surrounding him. The background should include a contrast between the bright, heavenly skies above and the ominous, smoky depths below to symbolize the fall from grace. Include epic, grandiose elements like broken chains, rebellious angels in shadowy forms, and an overall mood of defiance and despair.

Paradise Lost (Book 1) - John Milton

失樂園(第一卷) - 約翰·彌爾頓

撒旦的墮落與逆境中的意志

Of Man's first disobedience, and the fruit
人之初次違命,與那果子
Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste
禁樹之味,凡人一嘗
Brought death into the World, and all our woe,
帶死亡入世界,並一切悲哀,
With loss of Eden, till one greater Man
失去伊甸,直至一位更偉大的人
Restore us, and regain the blissful seat,
恢復我們,重得那幸福之位,
Sing, Heavenly Muse, that, on the secret top
歌唱吧,天上的繆斯,在那隱秘的山巔
Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire
俄勒伯或西奈,你曾啟發
That shepherd who first taught the chosen seed
那位牧羊人,他首次教導選民
In the beginning how the heavens and earth
起初天地如何
Rose out of Chaos: or, if Sion hill
從混沌中升起:或者,若錫安山
Delight thee more, and Siloa's brook that flowed
令你更喜悅,和那流經
Fast by the oracle of God, I thence
上帝神諭旁的西羅亞溪,我由此
Invoke thy aid to my adventurous song,
祈求你助我的冒險之歌,
That with no middle flight intends to soar
不作中等飛翔,而志在翱翔
Above th' Aonian mount, while it pursues
超越埃俄尼亞山,當它追求
Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.
散文或韻文中未曾嘗試之事。
And chiefly thou, O Spirit, that dost prefer
尤其是你,哦靈魂,你更傾向
Before all temples the upright heart and pure,
所有廟宇之前的正直心靈與純潔,
Instruct me, for thou know'st; thou from the first
指導我,因你知曉;自初始
Wast present, and, with mighty wings outspread,
你在場,展開強有力的翅膀,
Dove-like sat’st brooding on the vast abyss,
如鴿子般坐在廣闊的深淵上孵育,
And madest it pregnant: what in me is dark
使其懷孕:我內心黑暗之處
Illumine, what is low raise and support;
照亮,低微之處提升並支持;
That, to the height of this great argument,
如此,達到這一偉大論題的高度,
I may assert Eternal Providence,
我可宣稱永恆的天意,
And justify the ways of God to men.
並為上帝對人的作為辯護。
Say first—for Heaven hides nothing from thy view,
先說——因天堂對你視野無所隱藏,
Nor the deep tract of Hell—say first what cause
也非地獄的深邃領域——先說什麼原因
Moved our grand parents, in that happy state,
促使我們的始祖,在那幸福狀態中,
Favored of Heaven so highly, to fall off
如此得天恩眷顧,卻背離
From their Creator, and transgress his will
他們的造物主,違背他的旨意
For one restraint, lords of the World besides?
僅因一個限制,除了世界的主宰?
Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?
誰首先誘惑他們進行那卑劣的叛變?
Th' infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile,
地獄的蛇;就是他,其狡詐,
Stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived
因嫉妒和報復激起,欺騙了
The mother of mankind, what time his pride
人類之母,當時他的驕傲
Had cast him out from Heaven, with all his host
已將他與全部隨從逐出天堂
Of rebel Angels, by whose aid, aspiring
反叛天使們,借助他們的力量,渴望
To set himself in glory above his peers,
使自己榮耀高於同儕,
He trusted to have equalled the Most High,
他相信能與至高者同等,
If he opposed; and with ambitious aim
如果他反抗;以野心勃勃的目標
Against the throne and monarchy of God,
對抗上帝的寶座與君權,
Raised impious war in Heaven and battle proud,
在天堂挑起褻瀆的戰爭與驕傲的戰鬥,
With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power
徒勞的企圖。全能的力量
Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky,
把他頭朝下燃燒著從天空摔下,
With hideous ruin and combustion, down
伴隨著可怕的毀滅和燃燒,墜落
To bottomless perdition, there to dwell
到無底的沉淪,永遠居住
In adamantine chains and penal fire,
在鑽石般的鎖鏈和懲罰的火中,
Who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms.
膽敢向全能者挑戰的人。
Nine times the space that measures day and night
九倍於晝夜的時空
To mortal men, he, with his horrid crew,
對於凡人,他與他那可怕的隊伍,
Lay vanquished, rolling in the fiery gulf,
被擊敗了,滾落在火紅的深淵中,
Confounded though immortal. But his doom
儘管永生,卻陷入混亂。但他的命運
Reserved him to more wrath; for now the thought
為他保留了更多的憤怒;因為現在的念頭
Both of lost happiness and lasting pain
既失去了幸福,又承受著永恆的痛苦
Torments him; round he throws his baleful eyes,
折磨著他;他環顧四周,投出有害的目光,
That witnessed huge affliction and dismay,
見證了巨大的苦難和沮喪,
Mixed with obdurate pride and steadfast hate.
混合著頑固的驕傲和堅定的仇恨。
At once, as far as Angels ken, he views
一瞬間,遠至天使能知的範圍,他看到
The dismal situation waste and wild:
這陰沉的情景荒涼而狂野:
A dungeon horrible, on all sides round,
一座可怕的地牢,四面八方,
As one great furnace flamed; yet from those flames
如一個巨大的熔爐燃燒;然而從那些火焰中
No light, but rather darkness visible
沒有光明,只有可見的黑暗
Served only to discover sights of woe,
只用來揭示悲慘的景象,
Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace
哀傷的區域,悲慘的陰影,和平
And rest can never dwell, hope never comes
與安息永遠無法居住,希望永遠不會到來
That comes to all; but torture without end
那對所有人都會到來;但無盡的折磨
Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed
仍然催促著,以及由不斷燃燒的硫磺餵養的火之洪流,
With ever-burning sulphur unconsumed.
永不熄滅。
Such place Eternal Justice had prepared
如此之地,永恆的正義已準備好
For those rebellious; here their prison ordained
給那些叛逆者;這裡注定是他們的監獄
In utter darkness, and their portion set,
在完全的黑暗中,他們的份額設定,
As far removed from God and light of Heaven
遠離上帝和天堂的光輝
As from the center thrice to the utmost pole.
如同從中心三次到最遠的極點。
Oh how unlike the place from whence they fell!
哦,這地方多麼不像他們墜落的地方!
There the companions of his fall, o'erwhelmed
那裡,他的墜落同伴們,被淹沒
With floods and whirlwinds of tempestuous fire,
在洪水和旋風般的暴烈火焰中,
He soon discerns; and, weltering by his side,
他很快辨別出來;並且,在他身旁翻滾著,
One next himself in power, and next in crime,
一個在權力上僅次於他自己,罪行亦然,
Long after known in Palestine, and named
很久以後在巴勒斯坦被人所知,並命名為
Beelzebub. To whom the Arch-Enemy,
別西卜。對此,大敵,
And thence in Heaven called Satan, with bold words
因此在天堂被稱為撒旦,以大膽的話語
Breaking the horrid silence, thus began:
打破可怕的沉默,這樣開始說:
“If thou beest he—but Oh how fallen! how changed
「如果你是他——但哦,多麼墮落!多麼改變
From him who, in the happy realms of light,
從那個在光明快樂的國度中,
Clothed with transcendent brightness, didst outshine
披著超凡的光芒,你曾照耀過
Myriads, though bright—if he whom mutual league,
無數的眾星,雖然明亮——如果他曾經因共同聯盟,
United thoughts and counsels, equal hope
聯合的思想和計謀,平等的希望
And hazard in the glorious enterprise,
以及在這光榮事業中的冒險,
Joined with me once, now misery hath joined
曾經與我聯合,如今不幸已將我們聯合
In equal ruin—into what pit thou seest
在同等的毀滅中——你看到我們掉入何種深淵
From what height fallen: so much the stronger proved
從何等高度墜落:證明他更強大
He with his thunder; and till then who knew
帶著他的雷霆;直到那時誰知道
The force of those dire arms? Yet not for those,
那些可怕武器的力量?然而不是為了那些,
Nor what the potent Victor in his rage
也不是那強大的勝利者在他憤怒中
Can else inflict, do I repent or change,
可能施加的其他懲罰,我後悔或改變,
Though changed in outward luster, that fixed mind,
雖然外在的光輝改變了,那堅定的心智,
And high disdain, from sense of injured merit,
和高傲的蔑視,來自受損的功績感,
That with the Mightiest raised me to contend,
使我與最強者爭鬥,
And to the fierce contention brought along
並將激烈的爭鬥帶到
Innumerable force of Spirits armed,
無數的武裝靈魂力量,
That durst dislike his reign, and, me preferring,
敢於不滿他的統治,且偏愛我,
His utmost power with adverse power opposed
以相反的力量反對他的最大力量
In dubious battle on the plains of Heaven,
在天堂的平原上進行疑難的戰鬥,
And shook his throne. What though the field be lost?
並震動了他的寶座。即使戰場失守又如何?
All is not lost—the unconquerable will,
並非一切都失去了——不可征服的意志,
And study of revenge, immortal hate,
復仇的研究,永恆的恨意,
And courage never to submit or yield:
以及永不屈服或投降的勇氣:
And what is else not to be overcome?
還有什麼是不能被克服的?
That glory never shall his wrath or might
那榮耀永遠不會被他的憤怒或力量
Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace
從我身上奪走。要鞠躬並乞求恩典
With suppliant knee, and deify his power,
以祈求者的膝蓋,並神化他的力量,
Who, from the terror of this arm, so late
誰,從這手臂的恐懼中,不久前
Doubted his empire—that were low indeed;
懷疑他的帝國——那確實太卑微了;
That were an ignominy and shame beneath
那是一種恥辱和羞辱,低於
This downfall; since, by fate, the strength of Gods,
這次墮落;因為,命中注定,眾神的力量,
And this empyreal substance, cannot fail;
以及這天界的物質,不會失敗;
Since, through experience of this great event,
因為,通過這重大事件的經驗,
In arms not worse, in foresight much advanced,
在武器上並不遜色,在預見方面則大大進步,
We may with more successful hope resolve
我們可以抱著更有希望的決心
To wage by force or guile eternal war,
以武力或詭計發起永恆的戰爭,
Irreconcilable to our grand Foe,
與我們的大敵無法和解,
Who now triumphs, and in the excess of joy
他現在凱旋,並且在極度喜悅中
Sole reigning holds the tyranny of Heaven.“
獨自統治著天堂的暴政。」
So spake the apostate Angel, though in pain,
叛教的天使如此說道,儘管痛苦,
Vaunting aloud, but racked with deep despair;
高聲自誇,但深受絕望折磨;
And him thus answered soon his bold compeer:
不久,他勇敢的同伴回答他:
“O Prince, O Chief of many throned Powers,
「哦,王子,哦,眾多權力寶座的首領,
That led the embattled Seraphim to war
引領了戰鬥中的六翼天使參戰
Under thy conduct, and, in dreadful deeds
在你的指揮下,並且,在可怕的行為中
Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual King,
無畏地,危及了天堂的永恆之王,
And put to proof his high supremacy,
並測試了他的至高無上的權威,
Whether upheld by strength, or chance, or fate—
無論是由力量、機會還是命運支持——
Too well I see and rue the dire event,
我看得很清楚,也對這可怕的結果感到遺憾,
That, with sad overthrow and foul defeat,
它帶來了悲慘的顛覆和骯髒的失敗,
Hath lost us Heaven, and all this mighty host
使我們失去了天堂,以及所有這些強大的軍隊
In horrible destruction laid thus low,
在可怕的毀滅中被如此壓低,
As far as gods and heavenly essences
遠至眾神和天界本質
Can perish: for the mind and spirit remains
能夠消亡:因為心智和精神仍然存在
Invincible, and vigor soon returns,
不可戰勝,活力很快就會恢復,
Though all our glory extinct, and happy state
儘管我們所有的榮耀都熄滅了,幸福的狀態
Here swallowed up in endless misery.
在這裡被無盡的痛苦吞噬。
But what if he our Conqueror (whom I now
但如果他是我們的征服者(我現在
Of force believe almighty, since no less
不得不相信是全能的,因為沒有比這更少的
Than such could have o'erpowered such force as ours)
力量能夠壓倒像我們這樣的強大力量)
Have left us this our spirit and strength entire,
留下了我們完整的精神和力量,
Strongly to suffer and support our pains,
強烈地忍受和支持我們的痛苦,
That we may so suffice his vengeful ire,
以便我們能夠滿足他的復仇怒火,
Or do him mightier service as his thralls
或者作為他的奴隸為他提供更大的服務
By right of war, whate'er his business be,
憑藉戰爭的權利,無論他的事務是什麼,
Here in the heart of Hell to work in fire,
在地獄的中心,在火中工作,
Or do his errands in the gloomy deep?
或者在他的陰暗深處執行任務?
What can it then avail though yet we feel
那麼即使我們感覺到又有什麼用呢?
Strength undiminished, or eternal being
未減的力量,或永恆的存在
To undergo eternal punishment?“
去承受永恆的懲罰?」
Whereto with speedy words the Arch-Fiend replied:
對此,魔王迅速回應:
“Fallen Cherub, to be weak is miserable,
「墮落的基路伯,軟弱是可悲的,
Doing or suffering: but of this be sure—
無論是行動還是忍受:但你要確定——
To do aught good never will be our task,
做任何好事永遠不會是我們的任務,
But ever to do ill our sole delight,
但永遠做惡是我們唯一的樂趣,
As being the contrary to his high will
因為這與他的崇高旨意相悖
Whom we resist. If then his providence
我們抵抗的那位。如果他的天意
Out of our evil seek to bring forth good,
試圖從我們的邪惡中帶來善,
Our labor must be to pervert that end,
我們的努力必須是扭曲那個目的,
And out of good still to find means of evil;
並且從善中仍然找到作惡的方法;
Which ofttimes may succeed, so as perhaps
這往往可能成功,所以也許
Shall grieve him, if I fail not, and disturb
會讓他悲傷,如果我不失敗,並擾亂
His inmost counsels from their destined aim.
他最內在的計劃,使其偏離預定目標。
But see! the angry Victor’s threats begin
但是看!憤怒的勝利者的威脅開始了
To storm us, and the dreadful thunder rolls
向我們襲來,可怕的雷聲滾動
Close on our heads: choose, then, whether thou wilt
逼近我們的頭頂:選擇吧,你要不要
Stand like a hero, or fly hence away,
像英雄一樣站著,還是從此飛走,
And leave the field to thy superior foe.“
把戰場留給你更強大的敵人。」
To whom the warrior Angel, soon replied:
對此,戰士天使很快回答:
“Leader of those armies bright, which, but of late,
「那些明亮軍隊的領袖,就在不久前,
Encircled Heaven in glorious array,
以光榮的陣列環繞天堂,
And drove the rebels from the starry height,
並將叛徒從星空的高度驅逐,
Now thou hast clothed thyself in mortal guise,
現在你已經穿上凡人的外表,
And taken upon thee the likeness of man,
並承擔了人類的形象,
Yet art thou still the same, in worth and power,
但你仍然是同樣的人,在價值和力量上,
Mighty to save, or to destroy; and now
有能力拯救或毀滅;現在
Thou biddest me choose whether I will stand
你命令我選擇是否我要站起來
Or fly: I choose to stand, and fight anew,
或逃跑:我選擇站起來,重新戰鬥,
Rather than basely shrink, or cowardly yield
而不是卑鄙地退縮,或怯懦地投降
To him who dares us both defy and scorn.“
給那個敢於挑戰並蔑視我們兩人的。」

詩歌詳解:《失樂園(第一卷)》-約翰·彌爾頓

《失樂園》是英國文學史上的一部重要史詩,由約翰·彌爾頓創作。這首詩以基督教的創世故事為基礎,探討了亞當和夏娃在伊甸園中的墮落、撒旦的叛逆以及人類因此而失去的天堂。

開篇與主題介紹

詩的開頭便提到“人類初次的不順服”,即亞當和夏娃違背上帝的命令,吃了禁果。這個行為帶來了死亡和痛苦,失去了伊甸園的幸福生活。彌爾頓祈求天上的繆斯幫助他講述這個偉大的故事,並希望通過他的詩來解釋上帝對人類的計劃。

撒旦的反叛與墮落

詩中詳細描述了撒旦及其追隨者如何因反抗上帝而被逐出天堂。他們原本是天堂中最美麗和強大的天使,但由於驕傲和野心,他們試圖挑戰上帝的權威,最終導致了悲慘的失敗。

地獄的描繪

彌爾頓生動地描繪了地獄的恐怖景象:一個永遠燃燒卻沒有光明的地方,充滿了痛苦和絕望。撒旦和他的同伴們在這裡遭受著永無止境的折磨,但他們仍然保持著不屈的精神。

撒旦的性格與決心

儘管處於極度的痛苦之中,撒旦依然表現出堅韌不拔的意志。他拒絕向上帝屈服,誓言要繼續反抗。這種不屈不撓的精神使他成為一個複雜且引人注目的角色。

貝爾澤布的回應

作為撒旦的主要同伴,貝爾澤布對他們的失敗表示哀嘆,但他也同意繼續反抗上帝。他們討論了如何利用他們剩下的力量來對抗上帝,甚至考慮到可能通過欺騙和陰謀來實現這一目標。

上帝的審判與安排

上帝目睹了撒旦及其追隨者的困境,決定將他們永久地驅逐到地獄深處,以免他們再次干擾天堂或人類的生活。他們被鎖在黑暗和痛苦之中,永遠無法逃脫。

互相指責與沉默

在地獄中,撒旦和他的同伴們不斷互相指責,卻沒有人願意承認自己的錯誤或請求寬恕。他們將自己的罪行歸咎於對方,直到疲憊不堪,最終陷入了沉默。

總結

《失樂園》的第一卷奠定了整部史詩的基調,通過對撒旦反叛的詳細描述,展現了善與惡之間的鬥爭。彌爾頓不僅探討了人類的墮落,還深入分析了自由意志、命運和上帝的正義等深刻的哲學問題。

這首詩以其宏大的敘事結構和深刻的思想內容,成為了世界文學寶庫中的瑰寶。

重點

本詩深刻探討了驕傲、背叛和自由意志等主題,展現撒旦在絕望中仍不屈服的精神,啟發讀者思考善惡、權力及人性弱點之間的複雜關係,同時欣賞約翰·彌爾頓華麗而富有哲理的語言藝術。

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