茅屋为秋风所破歌 - 杜甫
秋风振破茅檐，忧民情怀跃然纸上
八月秋高风怒号，
In the eighth month, winds roared fiercely in the autumn heights,
卷我屋上三重茅。
They rolled up the three layers of thatch from my roof.
茅飞渡江洒江郊，
Thatch flew across the river, scattering over the shores,
高者挂罥长林梢，
Some soared high, clinging to tall treetops,
下者飘转沉塘坳。
While others whirled downward into sunken ponds below.
南村群童欺我老无力，
Boys from the southern village, seeing me old and weak, took advantage,
忍能对面为盗贼。
They brazenly stole the thatch right before my eyes.
公然抱茅入竹去，
Carrying away armfuls of thatch among the bamboo groves,
唇焦口燥呼不得。
My lips parched from calling out in vain.
归来倚杖自叹息，
I came back, leaning on my staff, sighing deep,
俄顷风定云墨色。
Soon the wind died, yet clouds hung dark as ink.
秋天漠漠向昏黑，
Autumn skies spread vast, blending into dusk,
布衾多年冷似铁。
My coarse quilt felt cold as iron through all these years.
娇儿恶卧踏里裂，
My restless young son tore the bedding beneath his feet,
床头屋漏无干处。
At my bedside, the leaking roof left not a single spot dry.
雨脚如麻未断绝，
Rain pelted down like tangled hemp threads, unceasing,
自经丧乱少睡眠。
Since the time of war’s upheaval, I have scarcely found restful sleep.
长夜沾湿何由彻？
Throughout this long damp night, how shall I endure?
安得广厦千万间，
Oh, if only I had a million spacious mansions,
大庇天下寒士俱欢颜！
To shelter all the cold and poor beneath one happy roof!
风雨不动安如山。
Unmoved by wind or rain, secure as a mountain.
呜呼！何时眼前突兀见此屋，
Alas! When will my eyes behold such towering houses before me?
吾庐独破受冻死亦足！
If only my hut alone should be ruined, and I freeze to death—’twould be worth it!
《茅屋为秋风所破歌》是杜甫在成都草堂时期的著名诗作，写于秋天风雨肆虐之际。诗人正值困境，茅屋屋顶被狂风刮破，又遭村童哄抢，在外寒雨不断、屋漏难避；当夜深人静之时，心中不免感慨万千。通过详尽的情节描写，杜甫塑造了一个亲历困苦、依旧心怀天下的诗人形象。
在诗歌的前半部分，杜甫先从描绘狂风吹破茅屋的景象入手，“八月秋高风怒号，卷我屋上三重茅”一句，将风势之狂与诗人之窘写得淋漓尽致；接着“南村群童欺我老无力”更显示诗人弱势处境与社会无序的现状。随后笔锋一转，夜雨绵绵、屋漏不止，小儿啼哭、老病一身等细节不断交织，凸显灾难中的生活艰辛和战乱之下民不聊生的景象。
然而，杜甫并未停留在对个人苦难的哀叹，更没有只顾自身利益。诗歌的高峰出现在“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”，表现了诗人虽身陷穷困，却依旧忧思天下、关怀苍生。这不仅是一种人道主义情怀，更体现了杜甫“诗史”般的现实关切：他期盼所有贫寒之人都能拥有栖身之所，哪怕自己继续受冻也在所不惜。此处胸怀的宽广和人性的光辉，令整首诗格外动人。
全诗风格沉郁顿挫，情节性与抒情性并重，以个人与社会现实的对比描画深化主题，充分展现出杜甫对民生疾苦的真切关注。后世因其“安得广厦千万间”这一宏伟愿景，多将他尊为“诗圣”，足见此诗在文史领域的崇高地位。
要点
1. 诗人身处困境却情系天下，“安得广厦千万间”一语道破杜甫崇高的责任感与悲悯情怀。
2. 以具体生动的场景与细节描写，强调了百姓生活的艰辛与社会秩序的失衡。
3. 诗风沉郁，兼具叙事与抒情，把个人经历与国家命运紧密结合，体现杜甫“诗史”的深度。
